Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells

Abstract Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), typically resulting from direct mechanical damage to the spine, often leads to disruption of neural signaling and axonal conduction, severely impairing nervous system function. In rodent models of SCI, neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has demonstrat...

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Main Authors: Wenxu Tang, Dan He, Xiaofei Li, Yi Feng, Yue Xu, Jiawei Hu, Wei Xu, Lei Xue
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14738-x
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author Wenxu Tang
Dan He
Xiaofei Li
Yi Feng
Yue Xu
Jiawei Hu
Wei Xu
Lei Xue
author_facet Wenxu Tang
Dan He
Xiaofei Li
Yi Feng
Yue Xu
Jiawei Hu
Wei Xu
Lei Xue
author_sort Wenxu Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), typically resulting from direct mechanical damage to the spine, often leads to disruption of neural signaling and axonal conduction, severely impairing nervous system function. In rodent models of SCI, neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has demonstrated significant potential in restoring motor function and enhancing neural repair. Additionally, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have demonstrated efficacy in promoting nerve regeneration and activating spinal circuits. However, studies exploring how ELF-EMFs influence NSC activation remain limited. In this study, using spinal cord-derived NSCs from adult mice, we report that ELF-EMFs enhance cell proliferation and self-renewal by upregulating Sox2 expression. Furthermore, we addressed the underlying mechanisms and found that ELF-EMFs activate T-type calcium channels and enhance calcium currents. The resulting increase in intercellular calcium concentration upregulates the expression of NeuroG1 and NeuroD1, promoting neuronal differentiation of NSCs and enhancing neurite outgrowth. Our findings provide new insights into the ELF-EMF-mediated activation of NSCs and highlight their potential for integration into combination therapies and SCI repair.
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-6c1b09a5bc2048c488fdf19ff0df2fd72025-08-20T03:04:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-14738-xExtremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cellsWenxu Tang0Dan He1Xiaofei Li2Yi Feng3Yue Xu4Jiawei Hu5Wei Xu6Lei Xue7Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityDivision of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityAbstract Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), typically resulting from direct mechanical damage to the spine, often leads to disruption of neural signaling and axonal conduction, severely impairing nervous system function. In rodent models of SCI, neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has demonstrated significant potential in restoring motor function and enhancing neural repair. Additionally, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have demonstrated efficacy in promoting nerve regeneration and activating spinal circuits. However, studies exploring how ELF-EMFs influence NSC activation remain limited. In this study, using spinal cord-derived NSCs from adult mice, we report that ELF-EMFs enhance cell proliferation and self-renewal by upregulating Sox2 expression. Furthermore, we addressed the underlying mechanisms and found that ELF-EMFs activate T-type calcium channels and enhance calcium currents. The resulting increase in intercellular calcium concentration upregulates the expression of NeuroG1 and NeuroD1, promoting neuronal differentiation of NSCs and enhancing neurite outgrowth. Our findings provide new insights into the ELF-EMF-mediated activation of NSCs and highlight their potential for integration into combination therapies and SCI repair.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14738-xExtremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsSpinal cord injurySpinal cord-derived neural stem cellsCell proliferationCell differentiationPro-neuronal gene
spellingShingle Wenxu Tang
Dan He
Xiaofei Li
Yi Feng
Yue Xu
Jiawei Hu
Wei Xu
Lei Xue
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells
Scientific Reports
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields
Spinal cord injury
Spinal cord-derived neural stem cells
Cell proliferation
Cell differentiation
Pro-neuronal gene
title Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells
title_full Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells
title_fullStr Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells
title_full_unstemmed Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells
title_short Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells
title_sort extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate proliferation and functional differentiation in spinal neural stem cells
topic Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields
Spinal cord injury
Spinal cord-derived neural stem cells
Cell proliferation
Cell differentiation
Pro-neuronal gene
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14738-x
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