Experimental evidence of non-equilibrium phase separation in supercritical fluids

Abstract Supercritical fluids (SCFs), widely utilized in many industries, have long been regarded as homogeneous single-phase media. Recent simulation studies identified different phases (more gas-like or liquid-like) in SCFs at equilibrium, expanding the previous notion but still not addressing non...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Juho Lee, Yeonguk Kim, Jong Dae Jang, Changwoo Do, Min Young Ha, Gunsu Yun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Communications Physics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02263-2
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Abstract Supercritical fluids (SCFs), widely utilized in many industries, have long been regarded as homogeneous single-phase media. Recent simulation studies identified different phases (more gas-like or liquid-like) in SCFs at equilibrium, expanding the previous notion but still not addressing non-equilibrium properties of SCFs. Here we reveal the existence of long-lived liquid-like clusters in non-equilibrium SCFs by time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering measurements. Since SCFs in industrial applications frequently operate under dynamic, non-equilibrium conditions rather than strict thermodynamic equilibrium, our findings offer crucial information for improving the use of SCFs in industrial settings, like semiconductor cleaning and plant thermal-hydraulic engineering.
ISSN:2399-3650