Right patient to the right place: the impact of a 6-year regional trauma centre-led prehospital education programme on EMS triage and patient outcomes

Abstract Background In regional trauma systems, emergency medical service (EMS) providers play a crucial role by performing prehospital triage for severely injured patients and transporting them to regional trauma centres. Since 2016, a regional trauma centre has provided prehospital medical guidanc...

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Main Authors: Donghwan Choi, Yo Huh, Byung Hee Kang, Sora Kim, Seoyoung Song, Kyoungwon Jung, Hohyoung Jung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Emergency Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01321-w
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author Donghwan Choi
Yo Huh
Byung Hee Kang
Sora Kim
Seoyoung Song
Kyoungwon Jung
Hohyoung Jung
author_facet Donghwan Choi
Yo Huh
Byung Hee Kang
Sora Kim
Seoyoung Song
Kyoungwon Jung
Hohyoung Jung
author_sort Donghwan Choi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In regional trauma systems, emergency medical service (EMS) providers play a crucial role by performing prehospital triage for severely injured patients and transporting them to regional trauma centres. Since 2016, a regional trauma centre has provided prehospital medical guidance to EMS providers through a trauma hotline, facilitated by a trauma surgeon, to guide field triage, treatment, and transport. This study analysed the effects and clinical outcomes of a regional trauma centre-led performance improvement programme that followed closed-loop principles for EMS providers. Methods We collected data from regional trauma centre databases (2016–2021) of patients with trauma with Injury Severity Scores > 15 in the Gyeonggi Province. The primary outcome was the undertriage rate, and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit LOS, and duration of mechanical ventilation. After severity and demographic adjustments through propensity score matching, clinical outcomes were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U and chi-squared test. The results were expressed as medians with interquartile ranges. Results Among the 3017 patients included in the 6-year study period, correct triage and undertriage were performed in 2528 and 489, respectively. From 2016 to 2021, prehospital medical guidance and feedback provision increased from 432 times (32.1%) to 1505 times (96.8%) (p < 0.001); the undertriage rate decreased from 32.7% (n = 55/168) to 6.3% (n = 52/820) (p < 0.001); and the overall mortality decreased from 21.4 to 10% (p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, 484 correctly triaged and 484 undertriaged patients were identified for subgroup analyses. The in-hospital mortality of undertriaged and correctly triaged patients was 20% (n = 99) and 13% (n = 61) (p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Undertriage of severely injured patients was associated with significantly increased mortality (20% vs. 13%, p = 0.001). Implementation of a trauma center-led education and hotline program coincided with a marked reduction in undertriage rates from 32.7 to 6.3% over the study period. These findings underscore the critical role of regional trauma centers in enhancing prehospital triage through systematic education and real-time medical guidance, particularly in the early phases of trauma system development. Special attention to elderly patients and those with comorbidities is essential for optimizing triage accuracy and reducing preventable trauma deaths.
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spelling doaj-art-6bf60f786b2946f6a4e75221472820e12025-08-24T11:11:32ZengBMCBMC Emergency Medicine1471-227X2025-08-0125111210.1186/s12873-025-01321-wRight patient to the right place: the impact of a 6-year regional trauma centre-led prehospital education programme on EMS triage and patient outcomesDonghwan Choi0Yo Huh1Byung Hee Kang2Sora Kim3Seoyoung Song4Kyoungwon Jung5Hohyoung Jung6Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of MedicineDivision of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of MedicineDivision of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of MedicineRegional Trauma Center of Southern Gyeonggi Province, Ajou University School of MedicineRegional Trauma Center of Southern Gyeonggi Province, Ajou University School of MedicineDivision of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of MedicineDivision of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of MedicineAbstract Background In regional trauma systems, emergency medical service (EMS) providers play a crucial role by performing prehospital triage for severely injured patients and transporting them to regional trauma centres. Since 2016, a regional trauma centre has provided prehospital medical guidance to EMS providers through a trauma hotline, facilitated by a trauma surgeon, to guide field triage, treatment, and transport. This study analysed the effects and clinical outcomes of a regional trauma centre-led performance improvement programme that followed closed-loop principles for EMS providers. Methods We collected data from regional trauma centre databases (2016–2021) of patients with trauma with Injury Severity Scores > 15 in the Gyeonggi Province. The primary outcome was the undertriage rate, and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit LOS, and duration of mechanical ventilation. After severity and demographic adjustments through propensity score matching, clinical outcomes were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U and chi-squared test. The results were expressed as medians with interquartile ranges. Results Among the 3017 patients included in the 6-year study period, correct triage and undertriage were performed in 2528 and 489, respectively. From 2016 to 2021, prehospital medical guidance and feedback provision increased from 432 times (32.1%) to 1505 times (96.8%) (p < 0.001); the undertriage rate decreased from 32.7% (n = 55/168) to 6.3% (n = 52/820) (p < 0.001); and the overall mortality decreased from 21.4 to 10% (p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, 484 correctly triaged and 484 undertriaged patients were identified for subgroup analyses. The in-hospital mortality of undertriaged and correctly triaged patients was 20% (n = 99) and 13% (n = 61) (p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Undertriage of severely injured patients was associated with significantly increased mortality (20% vs. 13%, p = 0.001). Implementation of a trauma center-led education and hotline program coincided with a marked reduction in undertriage rates from 32.7 to 6.3% over the study period. These findings underscore the critical role of regional trauma centers in enhancing prehospital triage through systematic education and real-time medical guidance, particularly in the early phases of trauma system development. Special attention to elderly patients and those with comorbidities is essential for optimizing triage accuracy and reducing preventable trauma deaths.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01321-wUndertriagePrehospital triagePerformance improvementRegional trauma systemEMS provider education
spellingShingle Donghwan Choi
Yo Huh
Byung Hee Kang
Sora Kim
Seoyoung Song
Kyoungwon Jung
Hohyoung Jung
Right patient to the right place: the impact of a 6-year regional trauma centre-led prehospital education programme on EMS triage and patient outcomes
BMC Emergency Medicine
Undertriage
Prehospital triage
Performance improvement
Regional trauma system
EMS provider education
title Right patient to the right place: the impact of a 6-year regional trauma centre-led prehospital education programme on EMS triage and patient outcomes
title_full Right patient to the right place: the impact of a 6-year regional trauma centre-led prehospital education programme on EMS triage and patient outcomes
title_fullStr Right patient to the right place: the impact of a 6-year regional trauma centre-led prehospital education programme on EMS triage and patient outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Right patient to the right place: the impact of a 6-year regional trauma centre-led prehospital education programme on EMS triage and patient outcomes
title_short Right patient to the right place: the impact of a 6-year regional trauma centre-led prehospital education programme on EMS triage and patient outcomes
title_sort right patient to the right place the impact of a 6 year regional trauma centre led prehospital education programme on ems triage and patient outcomes
topic Undertriage
Prehospital triage
Performance improvement
Regional trauma system
EMS provider education
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01321-w
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