Global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass

Abstract The global standing stock of mesozooplankton in the mesopelagic zone was assessed using estimates of particulate organic carbon (POC) and net primary productivity (NPP). These estimates were compared to published data to establish a relationship between epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankto...

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Main Authors: Yulia Egorova, Gabriel Reygondeau, William W. L. Cheung, Evgeny A. Pakhomov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96105-4
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author Yulia Egorova
Gabriel Reygondeau
William W. L. Cheung
Evgeny A. Pakhomov
author_facet Yulia Egorova
Gabriel Reygondeau
William W. L. Cheung
Evgeny A. Pakhomov
author_sort Yulia Egorova
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The global standing stock of mesozooplankton in the mesopelagic zone was assessed using estimates of particulate organic carbon (POC) and net primary productivity (NPP). These estimates were compared to published data to establish a relationship between epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton biomasses. The relationship between species diversity and biomass in the mesopelagic zone was examined using scatterplots and maps with 2-dimenssional scales. The results showed that NPP and POC were important predictors of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass (MMB). Linear models incorporating these factors were statistically significant, explaining a moderate to high proportion of variance in the predicted MMB. The spatial patterns of MMB showed higher values in some regions of the northern hemisphere, along the west coasts of continents, and in the equatorial and 50°S bands. This study provides the first estimates of MMB using two definitions of the mesopelagic zone: standard (200–1000 m depths) and variable depth. Global MMB was estimated between 0.20 and 0.91 PgC, depending on the method. High biomass values were common in regions with intermediate rarity values and high species richness coupled with high POC stocks. Surface and mesopelagic biomass spatial patterns were consistent, and the epipelagic/mesopelagic biomass ratio depended on mesopelagic zone depth, suggesting a higher MMB than previously observed.
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spelling doaj-art-6bf5c71fb84c4f1a949825eadddfe3322025-08-20T03:38:13ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-96105-4Global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomassYulia Egorova0Gabriel Reygondeau1William W. L. Cheung2Evgeny A. Pakhomov3Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British ColumbiaRosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of MiamiInstitute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British ColumbiaAbstract The global standing stock of mesozooplankton in the mesopelagic zone was assessed using estimates of particulate organic carbon (POC) and net primary productivity (NPP). These estimates were compared to published data to establish a relationship between epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton biomasses. The relationship between species diversity and biomass in the mesopelagic zone was examined using scatterplots and maps with 2-dimenssional scales. The results showed that NPP and POC were important predictors of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass (MMB). Linear models incorporating these factors were statistically significant, explaining a moderate to high proportion of variance in the predicted MMB. The spatial patterns of MMB showed higher values in some regions of the northern hemisphere, along the west coasts of continents, and in the equatorial and 50°S bands. This study provides the first estimates of MMB using two definitions of the mesopelagic zone: standard (200–1000 m depths) and variable depth. Global MMB was estimated between 0.20 and 0.91 PgC, depending on the method. High biomass values were common in regions with intermediate rarity values and high species richness coupled with high POC stocks. Surface and mesopelagic biomass spatial patterns were consistent, and the epipelagic/mesopelagic biomass ratio depended on mesopelagic zone depth, suggesting a higher MMB than previously observed.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96105-4MesopelagicTwilight zoneZooplanktonBiomassDiversityGlobal
spellingShingle Yulia Egorova
Gabriel Reygondeau
William W. L. Cheung
Evgeny A. Pakhomov
Global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass
Scientific Reports
Mesopelagic
Twilight zone
Zooplankton
Biomass
Diversity
Global
title Global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass
title_full Global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass
title_fullStr Global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass
title_full_unstemmed Global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass
title_short Global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass
title_sort global estimate of mesopelagic mesozooplankton biomass
topic Mesopelagic
Twilight zone
Zooplankton
Biomass
Diversity
Global
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96105-4
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AT evgenyapakhomov globalestimateofmesopelagicmesozooplanktonbiomass