Phloretin-nanospanlastics for targeting the Akt/PI3K signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice
Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 10 % of all cancer cases. It is also the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Phloretin is a natural compound found in apples and other fruits. It has been studied for its potenti...
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2025-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000835 |
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| author | Ebtsam A. Abdel-Wahab Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim Ahmed T.H. Faris Al-Karkhi Aysam M. Fayed Ahmed M. Eldmrdash Mohammed Abdalla Hussein Amal Abdel-Aziz Azza M. Metwaly Heba.G. Abdelzaher M.A. Abdelzaher Diana A. ALsherif |
| author_facet | Ebtsam A. Abdel-Wahab Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim Ahmed T.H. Faris Al-Karkhi Aysam M. Fayed Ahmed M. Eldmrdash Mohammed Abdalla Hussein Amal Abdel-Aziz Azza M. Metwaly Heba.G. Abdelzaher M.A. Abdelzaher Diana A. ALsherif |
| author_sort | Ebtsam A. Abdel-Wahab |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 10 % of all cancer cases. It is also the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Phloretin is a natural compound found in apples and other fruits. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, more research is needed to fully understand its impact on cancer prevention or treatment. This article aimed to prepare phloretin-nanospanlastics (Ph-NSLs) to evaluate their effects on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in mice. Methods: Morphology, Particle size, zeta potential, UV–vis, entrapment efficiency, polydispersity index, FT-IR spectra, and drug release of phloretin and Ph-NSLs at pH 6.8.were described. Ph-NSLs were also tested for their anti-cancer properties in DMH-induced colon cancer in mice. A 36 mice were divided into 6 groups; Normal control, DMH (20 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (25 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (50 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + 5-FU(20 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (50 mg), 5-FU (20 mg). Ph-NSLs were tested for their anticancer properties in DMH-treated mice by evaluating the IC50, viability and inhibitory values of Ph-NSLs against Caco-2. Also, the effect of Ph-NSLs administration on number of surviving mice, number of tumors/mice, average of tumor size, Hb, RBCs, WBCs, C19–9, MDA, GSH, SOD, IL-2, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CEA, and P53 levels in mice treated DMH were estimated. Results: The synthesized Ph-NSLs were uniform, spherically shaped, and well dispersed, with a size, entrapment efficiency, and polydispersity index of approximately 114.06 ± 8.35 nm, 78.60 %, and 0.05, respectively. The zeta potential value of Ph-NSLs was measured at −21.5 ± 1.47 mV. Zeta potential reflects the surface charge of nanoparticles and affects their stability and interactions. UV spectra of phloretin and Ph-NSLs showed strong absorption peaks at 225 and 285 nm. These peaks correspond to specific wavelengths where the compound absorbs light. The percentage of Ph- NSLs release was found to be 56.87 ± 2.45 %. IC50 of Ph-NSLs was recorded 15.76 ± 0.42 μg/ml and the viability and inhibitory values of Ph-NSLs against Caco-2 cell lines was resorded 2.39, and 97.61 %, respectively at 100 μg/ml as well as 10.3, and 89.7 %, respectively at 50 μg/ml.Moreover, The combination of 5-FU and Ph-NSLs resulted in a moderate increase in survival and significantly reduces tumor size and number, showing enhanced anticancer efficacy compared to individual treatments as well as attenuated levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs). Reduced plasma cancer antigen 19–9 (CA19–9) levels as well as improved of colon malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukine-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tumor protein (P53) levels. Also, Ph-NSLs and 5FU, either alone or together, decreased the expression of the Akt and PI3K genes in the colon. The combination of Ph-NSLs and 5FU showed more pronounced anticancer activity than Ph-NSLs administered individually. Conclusion: The combination of 5-FU and Ph-NSLs significantly enhances anticancer efficacy, reducing both the number of tumors and average tumor size more effectively than either treatment alone. This synergistic effect leverages 5-FU's inhibition of DNA synthesis and phloretin's induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, offering a promising approach for improved cancer treatment outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6becac2841d2417088d209ecc02edf2d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1567 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X |
| spelling | doaj-art-6becac2841d2417088d209ecc02edf2d2025-08-20T03:30:44ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Pharmaceutics: X2590-15672025-06-01910031110.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100311Phloretin-nanospanlastics for targeting the Akt/PI3K signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in miceEbtsam A. Abdel-Wahab0Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim1Ahmed T.H. Faris Al-Karkhi2Aysam M. Fayed3Ahmed M. Eldmrdash4Mohammed Abdalla Hussein5Amal Abdel-Aziz6Azza M. Metwaly7Heba.G. Abdelzaher8M.A. Abdelzaher9Diana A. ALsherif10Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, October 6 University, EgyptAnesthesia Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Babylon, IraqCollege of Medicine, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Babylon, IraqMedical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq; Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, EgyptDepartment of Medical Labs, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Technology, October 6 University, EgyptDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, October 6 University, EgyptMolecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, EgyptMolecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, EgyptDepartment of Clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, EgyptEnvironmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; Corresponding author.Technology of Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, October 6 University, EgyptObjectives: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 10 % of all cancer cases. It is also the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Phloretin is a natural compound found in apples and other fruits. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, more research is needed to fully understand its impact on cancer prevention or treatment. This article aimed to prepare phloretin-nanospanlastics (Ph-NSLs) to evaluate their effects on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in mice. Methods: Morphology, Particle size, zeta potential, UV–vis, entrapment efficiency, polydispersity index, FT-IR spectra, and drug release of phloretin and Ph-NSLs at pH 6.8.were described. Ph-NSLs were also tested for their anti-cancer properties in DMH-induced colon cancer in mice. A 36 mice were divided into 6 groups; Normal control, DMH (20 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (25 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (50 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + 5-FU(20 mg/k.g.b.w.), DMH + Ph-NSLs (50 mg), 5-FU (20 mg). Ph-NSLs were tested for their anticancer properties in DMH-treated mice by evaluating the IC50, viability and inhibitory values of Ph-NSLs against Caco-2. Also, the effect of Ph-NSLs administration on number of surviving mice, number of tumors/mice, average of tumor size, Hb, RBCs, WBCs, C19–9, MDA, GSH, SOD, IL-2, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CEA, and P53 levels in mice treated DMH were estimated. Results: The synthesized Ph-NSLs were uniform, spherically shaped, and well dispersed, with a size, entrapment efficiency, and polydispersity index of approximately 114.06 ± 8.35 nm, 78.60 %, and 0.05, respectively. The zeta potential value of Ph-NSLs was measured at −21.5 ± 1.47 mV. Zeta potential reflects the surface charge of nanoparticles and affects their stability and interactions. UV spectra of phloretin and Ph-NSLs showed strong absorption peaks at 225 and 285 nm. These peaks correspond to specific wavelengths where the compound absorbs light. The percentage of Ph- NSLs release was found to be 56.87 ± 2.45 %. IC50 of Ph-NSLs was recorded 15.76 ± 0.42 μg/ml and the viability and inhibitory values of Ph-NSLs against Caco-2 cell lines was resorded 2.39, and 97.61 %, respectively at 100 μg/ml as well as 10.3, and 89.7 %, respectively at 50 μg/ml.Moreover, The combination of 5-FU and Ph-NSLs resulted in a moderate increase in survival and significantly reduces tumor size and number, showing enhanced anticancer efficacy compared to individual treatments as well as attenuated levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs). Reduced plasma cancer antigen 19–9 (CA19–9) levels as well as improved of colon malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukine-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tumor protein (P53) levels. Also, Ph-NSLs and 5FU, either alone or together, decreased the expression of the Akt and PI3K genes in the colon. The combination of Ph-NSLs and 5FU showed more pronounced anticancer activity than Ph-NSLs administered individually. Conclusion: The combination of 5-FU and Ph-NSLs significantly enhances anticancer efficacy, reducing both the number of tumors and average tumor size more effectively than either treatment alone. This synergistic effect leverages 5-FU's inhibition of DNA synthesis and phloretin's induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, offering a promising approach for improved cancer treatment outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000835Colon CancerPhloretin-NanospanlasticsAkt/PI3KDimethylhydrazineInflammatory MediatorsAntioxidants |
| spellingShingle | Ebtsam A. Abdel-Wahab Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim Ahmed T.H. Faris Al-Karkhi Aysam M. Fayed Ahmed M. Eldmrdash Mohammed Abdalla Hussein Amal Abdel-Aziz Azza M. Metwaly Heba.G. Abdelzaher M.A. Abdelzaher Diana A. ALsherif Phloretin-nanospanlastics for targeting the Akt/PI3K signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X Colon Cancer Phloretin-Nanospanlastics Akt/PI3K Dimethylhydrazine Inflammatory Mediators Antioxidants |
| title | Phloretin-nanospanlastics for targeting the Akt/PI3K signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice |
| title_full | Phloretin-nanospanlastics for targeting the Akt/PI3K signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice |
| title_fullStr | Phloretin-nanospanlastics for targeting the Akt/PI3K signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phloretin-nanospanlastics for targeting the Akt/PI3K signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice |
| title_short | Phloretin-nanospanlastics for targeting the Akt/PI3K signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice |
| title_sort | phloretin nanospanlastics for targeting the akt pi3k signaling pathways in dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer in mice |
| topic | Colon Cancer Phloretin-Nanospanlastics Akt/PI3K Dimethylhydrazine Inflammatory Mediators Antioxidants |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590156724000835 |
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