Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy—A Path Yet to Discover and Walk

Heart failure is a complex syndrome and our understanding and therapeutic approach relies mostly on its phenotypic presentation. Notably, the heart is characterized as the most energy-consuming organ, being both a producer and consumer, in order to satisfy multiple cardiac functions: ion exchange, e...

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Main Authors: Ioannis Paraskevaidis, Christos Kourek, Dimitrios Farmakis, Elias Tsougos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2589
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author Ioannis Paraskevaidis
Christos Kourek
Dimitrios Farmakis
Elias Tsougos
author_facet Ioannis Paraskevaidis
Christos Kourek
Dimitrios Farmakis
Elias Tsougos
author_sort Ioannis Paraskevaidis
collection DOAJ
description Heart failure is a complex syndrome and our understanding and therapeutic approach relies mostly on its phenotypic presentation. Notably, the heart is characterized as the most energy-consuming organ, being both a producer and consumer, in order to satisfy multiple cardiac functions: ion exchange, electromechanical coordination, excitation–contraction coupling, etc. By obtaining further knowledge of the cardiac energy field, we can probably better characterize the basic pathophysiological events occurring in heart disease patients and understand the metabolic substance changes, the relationship between the alteration of energy production/consumption, and hence energetic deficiency not only in the heart as a whole but in every single cardiac territory, which will hopefully provide us with the opportunity to uncover the beginning of the heart failure process. In this respect, using (a) newer imaging techniques, (b) biomedicine, (c) nanotechnology, and (d) artificial intelligence, we can gain a deeper understanding of this complex syndrome. This, in turn, can lead to earlier and more effective therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving human health. To date, the scientific community has not given sufficient attention to the energetic starvation model. In our view, this review aims to encourage scientists and the medical community to conduct studies for a better understanding and treatment of this syndrome.
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spelling doaj-art-6beca3dcf1524e15ba4231fe4bb917aa2025-08-20T02:28:02ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-11-011211258910.3390/biomedicines12112589Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy—A Path Yet to Discover and WalkIoannis Paraskevaidis0Christos Kourek1Dimitrios Farmakis2Elias Tsougos36th Department of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, 151 23 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Cardiology, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital of Athens (NIMTS), 115 21 Athens, GreeceHeart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistiran University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece6th Department of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, 151 23 Athens, GreeceHeart failure is a complex syndrome and our understanding and therapeutic approach relies mostly on its phenotypic presentation. Notably, the heart is characterized as the most energy-consuming organ, being both a producer and consumer, in order to satisfy multiple cardiac functions: ion exchange, electromechanical coordination, excitation–contraction coupling, etc. By obtaining further knowledge of the cardiac energy field, we can probably better characterize the basic pathophysiological events occurring in heart disease patients and understand the metabolic substance changes, the relationship between the alteration of energy production/consumption, and hence energetic deficiency not only in the heart as a whole but in every single cardiac territory, which will hopefully provide us with the opportunity to uncover the beginning of the heart failure process. In this respect, using (a) newer imaging techniques, (b) biomedicine, (c) nanotechnology, and (d) artificial intelligence, we can gain a deeper understanding of this complex syndrome. This, in turn, can lead to earlier and more effective therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving human health. To date, the scientific community has not given sufficient attention to the energetic starvation model. In our view, this review aims to encourage scientists and the medical community to conduct studies for a better understanding and treatment of this syndrome.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2589heart failurecardiac energystarving heartcardiac metabolismcardiac biochemical substratemitochondria function
spellingShingle Ioannis Paraskevaidis
Christos Kourek
Dimitrios Farmakis
Elias Tsougos
Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy—A Path Yet to Discover and Walk
Biomedicines
heart failure
cardiac energy
starving heart
cardiac metabolism
cardiac biochemical substrate
mitochondria function
title Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy—A Path Yet to Discover and Walk
title_full Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy—A Path Yet to Discover and Walk
title_fullStr Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy—A Path Yet to Discover and Walk
title_full_unstemmed Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy—A Path Yet to Discover and Walk
title_short Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy—A Path Yet to Discover and Walk
title_sort heart failure a deficiency of energy a path yet to discover and walk
topic heart failure
cardiac energy
starving heart
cardiac metabolism
cardiac biochemical substrate
mitochondria function
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2589
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AT dimitriosfarmakis heartfailureadeficiencyofenergyapathyettodiscoverandwalk
AT eliastsougos heartfailureadeficiencyofenergyapathyettodiscoverandwalk