Boundaries in digital interactions in higher education: a comparative analysis

This study explores the boundaries that shape the usefulness of digital interactions in higher education. Utilising fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we hypothesise how the conditions of technology dependence, self-regulated autonomy, and restrictions explain the usefulness of digi...

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Main Authors: Symeon Mandrinos, Constance Liew Sat Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2523153
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author Symeon Mandrinos
Constance Liew Sat Lin
author_facet Symeon Mandrinos
Constance Liew Sat Lin
author_sort Symeon Mandrinos
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the boundaries that shape the usefulness of digital interactions in higher education. Utilising fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we hypothesise how the conditions of technology dependence, self-regulated autonomy, and restrictions explain the usefulness of digital (blended and online) interactions. Our findings reveal that autonomy contributes to a space bubble where the concept of boundary – particularly represented by the clopen state – works together to explain usefulness. The relationship between autonomy and usefulness posits that when autonomy is increased under complexity, the clopen state (boundary) regarding usefulness is a fuzzy but necessary condition to the outcome. Contrary to prior findings that label technology dependence, self-regulated autonomy, and restrictions as counterproductive, our study acknowledges that boundaries do not diminish usefulness; instead, they can enhance digital interactions when these conditions are necessary. We identify critical gaps regarding the interplay of these conditions and advocate for larger, more diverse studies to further elucidate the complexities surrounding technology dependence, self-regulated autonomy, and restrictions.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2331-186X
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publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
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series Cogent Education
spelling doaj-art-6be301492c01466d9d763291ccacf5482025-08-20T03:28:01ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Education2331-186X2025-12-0112110.1080/2331186X.2025.2523153Boundaries in digital interactions in higher education: a comparative analysisSymeon Mandrinos0Constance Liew Sat Lin1Department of Business, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MalaysiaThis study explores the boundaries that shape the usefulness of digital interactions in higher education. Utilising fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we hypothesise how the conditions of technology dependence, self-regulated autonomy, and restrictions explain the usefulness of digital (blended and online) interactions. Our findings reveal that autonomy contributes to a space bubble where the concept of boundary – particularly represented by the clopen state – works together to explain usefulness. The relationship between autonomy and usefulness posits that when autonomy is increased under complexity, the clopen state (boundary) regarding usefulness is a fuzzy but necessary condition to the outcome. Contrary to prior findings that label technology dependence, self-regulated autonomy, and restrictions as counterproductive, our study acknowledges that boundaries do not diminish usefulness; instead, they can enhance digital interactions when these conditions are necessary. We identify critical gaps regarding the interplay of these conditions and advocate for larger, more diverse studies to further elucidate the complexities surrounding technology dependence, self-regulated autonomy, and restrictions.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2523153Boundarycausal (counterfactual) dependencefuzzinessrestrictionsself-regulated autonomyusefulness
spellingShingle Symeon Mandrinos
Constance Liew Sat Lin
Boundaries in digital interactions in higher education: a comparative analysis
Cogent Education
Boundary
causal (counterfactual) dependence
fuzziness
restrictions
self-regulated autonomy
usefulness
title Boundaries in digital interactions in higher education: a comparative analysis
title_full Boundaries in digital interactions in higher education: a comparative analysis
title_fullStr Boundaries in digital interactions in higher education: a comparative analysis
title_full_unstemmed Boundaries in digital interactions in higher education: a comparative analysis
title_short Boundaries in digital interactions in higher education: a comparative analysis
title_sort boundaries in digital interactions in higher education a comparative analysis
topic Boundary
causal (counterfactual) dependence
fuzziness
restrictions
self-regulated autonomy
usefulness
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2523153
work_keys_str_mv AT symeonmandrinos boundariesindigitalinteractionsinhighereducationacomparativeanalysis
AT constanceliewsatlin boundariesindigitalinteractionsinhighereducationacomparativeanalysis