Effects of foliar spraying C1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to C1 metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana

In order to compare the effects of methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid application on plant physiological characters and gene expressions and to better understand the functional mechanisms of the three C1 compounds, 5 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid were spr...

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Main Authors: WANG Sha-sha, SUN Li-li, XIAO Su-qin, ZHOU Lei, SUN Zhen, CHEN Li-mei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Zhejiang University Press 2011-11-01
Series:浙江大学学报. 农业与生命科学版
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Online Access:https://www.academax.com/doi/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2011.06.007
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author WANG Sha-sha
SUN Li-li
XIAO Su-qin
ZHOU Lei
SUN Zhen
CHEN Li-mei
author_facet WANG Sha-sha
SUN Li-li
XIAO Su-qin
ZHOU Lei
SUN Zhen
CHEN Li-mei
author_sort WANG Sha-sha
collection DOAJ
description In order to compare the effects of methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid application on plant physiological characters and gene expressions and to better understand the functional mechanisms of the three C1 compounds, 5 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid were sprayed, respectively, on the leaves of Arabidopsis grown under greenhouse conditions once a week, using the plants sprayed with distilled water as the control. After four weeks, the effects of foliar spraying these C1 compounds on plant growth and physiological characters were analyzed. The results indicated that methanol stimulated the growth of Arabidopsis, whereas formaldehyde and formic acid inhibited its growth and the inhibition of formaldehyde was much remarkable. Application of methanol decreased anthocyanin content but increased chlorophyll (Chl) a content and a/b ratio significantly. On the contrary, formaldehyde treatment reduced Chl a content and a/b ratio markedly. Application of formic acid caused an obvious increase in Chl a content and a notable decrease in Chl b content, which led to 2-fold increase in Chl a/b ratio. Application of three C1 compounds all increased total leaf soluble protein content, and the effect of methanol spraying was especially remarkable. Only formaldehyde treatment elevated the levels of soluble sugars, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and carbonyl-proteins in leaves, suggesting occurrence of oxidative stress. Gene expression profiles by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that methanol stimulation induced expressions of most selected photosynthesis-related genes, while formaldehyde repressed their expressions but up-regulated most of the selected stress-responsive genes. The expressions of most selected photosynthesis-related genes were not affected significantly by the application of formic acid. Interestingly, three C1 compounds had no remarkable impacts on the expressions of most selected genes involved in C1 metabolism, but all repressed the expression of 5, 10- methylene-tetrahydrofolate (THF) reductase.
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series 浙江大学学报. 农业与生命科学版
spelling doaj-art-6bdc5962a30b4141a3bcb8b2189b1f2c2025-08-20T02:54:53ZengZhejiang University Press浙江大学学报. 农业与生命科学版1008-92092097-51552011-11-013763164110.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2011.06.00710089209Effects of foliar spraying C1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to C1 metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response of Arabidopsis thalianaWANG Sha-shaSUN Li-liXIAO Su-qinZHOU LeiSUN ZhenCHEN Li-meiIn order to compare the effects of methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid application on plant physiological characters and gene expressions and to better understand the functional mechanisms of the three C1 compounds, 5 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid were sprayed, respectively, on the leaves of Arabidopsis grown under greenhouse conditions once a week, using the plants sprayed with distilled water as the control. After four weeks, the effects of foliar spraying these C1 compounds on plant growth and physiological characters were analyzed. The results indicated that methanol stimulated the growth of Arabidopsis, whereas formaldehyde and formic acid inhibited its growth and the inhibition of formaldehyde was much remarkable. Application of methanol decreased anthocyanin content but increased chlorophyll (Chl) a content and a/b ratio significantly. On the contrary, formaldehyde treatment reduced Chl a content and a/b ratio markedly. Application of formic acid caused an obvious increase in Chl a content and a notable decrease in Chl b content, which led to 2-fold increase in Chl a/b ratio. Application of three C1 compounds all increased total leaf soluble protein content, and the effect of methanol spraying was especially remarkable. Only formaldehyde treatment elevated the levels of soluble sugars, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and carbonyl-proteins in leaves, suggesting occurrence of oxidative stress. Gene expression profiles by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that methanol stimulation induced expressions of most selected photosynthesis-related genes, while formaldehyde repressed their expressions but up-regulated most of the selected stress-responsive genes. The expressions of most selected photosynthesis-related genes were not affected significantly by the application of formic acid. Interestingly, three C1 compounds had no remarkable impacts on the expressions of most selected genes involved in C1 metabolism, but all repressed the expression of 5, 10- methylene-tetrahydrofolate (THF) reductase.https://www.academax.com/doi/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2011.06.007methanolformaldehydeformic acid<italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic>gene expression
spellingShingle WANG Sha-sha
SUN Li-li
XIAO Su-qin
ZHOU Lei
SUN Zhen
CHEN Li-mei
Effects of foliar spraying C1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to C1 metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana
浙江大学学报. 农业与生命科学版
methanol
formaldehyde
formic acid
<italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic>
gene expression
title Effects of foliar spraying C1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to C1 metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana
title_full Effects of foliar spraying C1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to C1 metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana
title_fullStr Effects of foliar spraying C1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to C1 metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana
title_full_unstemmed Effects of foliar spraying C1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to C1 metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana
title_short Effects of foliar spraying C1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to C1 metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana
title_sort effects of foliar spraying c1 compounds on physiological characters and expression levels of genes related to c1 metabolism photosynthesis and stress response of arabidopsis thaliana
topic methanol
formaldehyde
formic acid
<italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic>
gene expression
url https://www.academax.com/doi/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2011.06.007
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