A Mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cells

Abstract With increasing research on the gut microbiota (GM), there is growing evidence suggesting that GM may influence the risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by modulating immune cell activity. However, the causal relationship between GM, immune cells, and KOA has not been thoroughly investigated....

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Main Authors: Jiayu Zhang, Xiuyue Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14007-x
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author Jiayu Zhang
Xiuyue Qiu
author_facet Jiayu Zhang
Xiuyue Qiu
author_sort Jiayu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With increasing research on the gut microbiota (GM), there is growing evidence suggesting that GM may influence the risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by modulating immune cell activity. However, the causal relationship between GM, immune cells, and KOA has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of GM on KOA and to identify immune cell mechanisms that may play a mediating role. A bidirectional two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis was conducted to assess the association between GM and KOA. Additionally, mediation analyses were performed to identify critical mediators in the association between GM and KOA, assessing the causal relationship between the two conditions and potential immune cell mediators. UVMR analyses revealed a causal relationship between 20 GM and KOA. Reverse MR analysis revealed that KOA affected the abundance of 12 GM. Mediation analysis identified that CCR7 on naive CD4+, CD4+ on CD39+ activated Tregs mediated the causal effect of GM on KOA (indirect effect: β = 0.049; indirect effect: β =  − 0.047). Furthermore, GM was found to be a significant contributor to the risk of KOA. Specifically, Firmicutes A was associated with increased risk of KOA by increasing CCR7 on naive CD4+ (OR = 1.480; P = 0.006; FDR = 0.039). In contrast, Rhodanobacter was protective against KOA by modulating CD4+ on CD39+ activated Tregs (OR = 0.780; P = 0.046; FDR = 0.048). These findings provide a rationale for potential new prevention strategies for KOA.
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spelling doaj-art-6bd29ab2bbf646d8a9c37d9208a71b442025-08-20T04:02:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-011511910.1038/s41598-025-14007-xA Mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cellsJiayu Zhang0Xiuyue Qiu1Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityNursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityAbstract With increasing research on the gut microbiota (GM), there is growing evidence suggesting that GM may influence the risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by modulating immune cell activity. However, the causal relationship between GM, immune cells, and KOA has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of GM on KOA and to identify immune cell mechanisms that may play a mediating role. A bidirectional two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis was conducted to assess the association between GM and KOA. Additionally, mediation analyses were performed to identify critical mediators in the association between GM and KOA, assessing the causal relationship between the two conditions and potential immune cell mediators. UVMR analyses revealed a causal relationship between 20 GM and KOA. Reverse MR analysis revealed that KOA affected the abundance of 12 GM. Mediation analysis identified that CCR7 on naive CD4+, CD4+ on CD39+ activated Tregs mediated the causal effect of GM on KOA (indirect effect: β = 0.049; indirect effect: β =  − 0.047). Furthermore, GM was found to be a significant contributor to the risk of KOA. Specifically, Firmicutes A was associated with increased risk of KOA by increasing CCR7 on naive CD4+ (OR = 1.480; P = 0.006; FDR = 0.039). In contrast, Rhodanobacter was protective against KOA by modulating CD4+ on CD39+ activated Tregs (OR = 0.780; P = 0.046; FDR = 0.048). These findings provide a rationale for potential new prevention strategies for KOA.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14007-xGut microbiotaKnee osteoarthritisImmune cellsMendelian randomizationCCR7CD4+ T cells
spellingShingle Jiayu Zhang
Xiuyue Qiu
A Mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cells
Scientific Reports
Gut microbiota
Knee osteoarthritis
Immune cells
Mendelian randomization
CCR7
CD4+ T cells
title A Mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cells
title_full A Mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cells
title_fullStr A Mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cells
title_full_unstemmed A Mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cells
title_short A Mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cells
title_sort mendelian randomization study of the gut microbiota and risk of knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of immune cells
topic Gut microbiota
Knee osteoarthritis
Immune cells
Mendelian randomization
CCR7
CD4+ T cells
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14007-x
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AT jiayuzhang mendelianrandomizationstudyofthegutmicrobiotaandriskofkneeosteoarthritisandthemediatingroleofimmunecells
AT xiuyueqiu mendelianrandomizationstudyofthegutmicrobiotaandriskofkneeosteoarthritisandthemediatingroleofimmunecells