Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

This study presents a family of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as potential antimicrobial agents. Initial screening against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans identified compound 3 as active against S. aureus (MIC₅₀ 1.8 μM). A structure activity relationship study of 35 a...

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Main Authors: Amanda A. Doyle, Mark Kelada, Clara Charleton, Robert Devine, John M.D. Walsh, Ronan Bergin, Kevin Kavanagh, John C. Stephens
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Results in Chemistry
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625003868
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author Amanda A. Doyle
Mark Kelada
Clara Charleton
Robert Devine
John M.D. Walsh
Ronan Bergin
Kevin Kavanagh
John C. Stephens
author_facet Amanda A. Doyle
Mark Kelada
Clara Charleton
Robert Devine
John M.D. Walsh
Ronan Bergin
Kevin Kavanagh
John C. Stephens
author_sort Amanda A. Doyle
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a family of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as potential antimicrobial agents. Initial screening against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans identified compound 3 as active against S. aureus (MIC₅₀ 1.8 μM). A structure activity relationship study of 35 analogues yielded the more potent analogues (MIC₅₀ 1.2 μM, MIC₈₀ 6.4 μM). Hit compounds were further evaluated against Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with pyrimidinone 12 showing the strongest activity against MRSA (MIC₅₀ 1.88 μM, MIC₈₀ 2.93 μM). In vivo toxicity assessment using Galleria mellonella larvae indicated that the leading active compounds were non-toxic. Importantly, in an in vivo G. Melonella MRSA infection model, compound 12 improved survival by 25 % compared to untreated controls (95 % vs. 75 %, p < 0.05). These strong in vivo results highlight pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising scaffolds for the development of new antibacterial agents.
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issn 2211-7156
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-6bd263dee2d04a64b8687138a3be4c0c2025-08-20T03:43:47ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-07-011610240310.1016/j.rechem.2025.102403Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.Amanda A. Doyle0Mark Kelada1Clara Charleton2Robert Devine3John M.D. Walsh4Ronan Bergin5Kevin Kavanagh6John C. Stephens7Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, IrelandDepartment of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, IrelandDepartment of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, IrelandDepartment of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, IrelandDepartment of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, IrelandDepartment of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, IrelandDepartment of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute of Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, IrelandDepartment of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute of Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.This study presents a family of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as potential antimicrobial agents. Initial screening against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans identified compound 3 as active against S. aureus (MIC₅₀ 1.8 μM). A structure activity relationship study of 35 analogues yielded the more potent analogues (MIC₅₀ 1.2 μM, MIC₈₀ 6.4 μM). Hit compounds were further evaluated against Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with pyrimidinone 12 showing the strongest activity against MRSA (MIC₅₀ 1.88 μM, MIC₈₀ 2.93 μM). In vivo toxicity assessment using Galleria mellonella larvae indicated that the leading active compounds were non-toxic. Importantly, in an in vivo G. Melonella MRSA infection model, compound 12 improved survival by 25 % compared to untreated controls (95 % vs. 75 %, p < 0.05). These strong in vivo results highlight pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising scaffolds for the development of new antibacterial agents.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625003868Antimicrobial activityAnti-MRSA agentsSAR study
spellingShingle Amanda A. Doyle
Mark Kelada
Clara Charleton
Robert Devine
John M.D. Walsh
Ronan Bergin
Kevin Kavanagh
John C. Stephens
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Results in Chemistry
Antimicrobial activity
Anti-MRSA agents
SAR study
title Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
title_full Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
title_fullStr Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
title_full_unstemmed Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
title_short Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
title_sort pyrazolo 1 5 a pyrimidin 7 ones as promising antimicrobial scaffolds in vitro and in vivo evaluation
topic Antimicrobial activity
Anti-MRSA agents
SAR study
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625003868
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