Comparison of the 2021 ESC guideline with the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Abstract The HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores were recently proposed to help diagnose heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to evaluate HFpEF prevalence according to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) HF guideline and the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in patients wi...

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Main Authors: Minjae Yoon, Jaewon Oh, Chan Joo Lee, Seok-Min Kang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01537-7
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author Minjae Yoon
Jaewon Oh
Chan Joo Lee
Seok-Min Kang
author_facet Minjae Yoon
Jaewon Oh
Chan Joo Lee
Seok-Min Kang
author_sort Minjae Yoon
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores were recently proposed to help diagnose heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to evaluate HFpEF prevalence according to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) HF guideline and the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in patients with unexplained dyspnea and to compare the concordance between these three algorithms in diagnosing HFpEF. We analyzed 992 patients with unexplained dyspnea suspected of having HFpEF, who underwent echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide measurement at a single tertiary center. Patients were classified as having confirmed, suspected, or no HFpEF on high, intermediate, or low scores according to HFA-PEFF or H2FPEF. Additionally, patients were classified into three categories according to elevated natriuretic peptide levels and echocardiographic parameters following the 2021 ESC HF guideline. Among the 992 patients included, confirmed prevalence HFpEF ranged from 28.5% (2021 ESC) to 21.1% (HFA-PEFF) and 4.7% (H2FPEF). Significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, number of antihypertensive medications, natriuretic peptide levels, and echocardiographic parameters of diastolic dysfunction were observed among the three HFpEF groups, with the highest burden in the group defined by the H2FPEF score. Comparing the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores, 40.2% of patients were classified into different likelihood categories for HFpEF depending on the score used. The overlap of patients diagnosed with confirmed HFpEF according to the three algorithms was limited to 3.5%. HFpEF prevalence in patients with unexplained dyspnea varied significantly depending on the algorithm applied.
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spelling doaj-art-6bd24cedef6c4785bb81d4afbd49b21c2025-08-20T03:45:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-01537-7Comparison of the 2021 ESC guideline with the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fractionMinjae Yoon0Jaewon Oh1Chan Joo Lee2Seok-Min Kang3Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineAbstract The HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores were recently proposed to help diagnose heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to evaluate HFpEF prevalence according to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) HF guideline and the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in patients with unexplained dyspnea and to compare the concordance between these three algorithms in diagnosing HFpEF. We analyzed 992 patients with unexplained dyspnea suspected of having HFpEF, who underwent echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide measurement at a single tertiary center. Patients were classified as having confirmed, suspected, or no HFpEF on high, intermediate, or low scores according to HFA-PEFF or H2FPEF. Additionally, patients were classified into three categories according to elevated natriuretic peptide levels and echocardiographic parameters following the 2021 ESC HF guideline. Among the 992 patients included, confirmed prevalence HFpEF ranged from 28.5% (2021 ESC) to 21.1% (HFA-PEFF) and 4.7% (H2FPEF). Significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, number of antihypertensive medications, natriuretic peptide levels, and echocardiographic parameters of diastolic dysfunction were observed among the three HFpEF groups, with the highest burden in the group defined by the H2FPEF score. Comparing the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores, 40.2% of patients were classified into different likelihood categories for HFpEF depending on the score used. The overlap of patients diagnosed with confirmed HFpEF according to the three algorithms was limited to 3.5%. HFpEF prevalence in patients with unexplained dyspnea varied significantly depending on the algorithm applied.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01537-7Heart failure with preserved ejection fractionHFA-PEFFH2FPEF2021 ESC heart failure guideline, unexplained dyspnea
spellingShingle Minjae Yoon
Jaewon Oh
Chan Joo Lee
Seok-Min Kang
Comparison of the 2021 ESC guideline with the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Scientific Reports
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFA-PEFF
H2FPEF
2021 ESC heart failure guideline, unexplained dyspnea
title Comparison of the 2021 ESC guideline with the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
title_full Comparison of the 2021 ESC guideline with the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
title_fullStr Comparison of the 2021 ESC guideline with the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the 2021 ESC guideline with the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
title_short Comparison of the 2021 ESC guideline with the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
title_sort comparison of the 2021 esc guideline with the hfa peff and h2fpef scores in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
topic Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFA-PEFF
H2FPEF
2021 ESC heart failure guideline, unexplained dyspnea
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01537-7
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