Rescue Treatment With High-Dose Gaseous Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019

Objectives:. Treatment options are limited for patients with respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019. Conventional oxygen therapy and awake proning are options, but the use of high-flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure are controversial. There is an urgent need for e...

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Main Authors: Steffen B. Wiegand, MD, Bijan Safaee Fakhr, MD, Ryan W. Carroll, MD, Warren M. Zapol, MD, Robert M. Kacmarek, PhD, Lorenzo Berra, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer 2020-11-01
Series:Critical Care Explorations
Online Access:http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/CCE.0000000000000277
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author Steffen B. Wiegand, MD
Bijan Safaee Fakhr, MD
Ryan W. Carroll, MD
Warren M. Zapol, MD
Robert M. Kacmarek, PhD
Lorenzo Berra, MD
author_facet Steffen B. Wiegand, MD
Bijan Safaee Fakhr, MD
Ryan W. Carroll, MD
Warren M. Zapol, MD
Robert M. Kacmarek, PhD
Lorenzo Berra, MD
author_sort Steffen B. Wiegand, MD
collection DOAJ
description Objectives:. Treatment options are limited for patients with respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019. Conventional oxygen therapy and awake proning are options, but the use of high-flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure are controversial. There is an urgent need for effective rescue therapies. Our aim is to evaluate the role of inhaled nitric oxide 160 ppm as a possible rescue therapy in nonintubated coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Design:. Retrospective evaluation of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in respiratory distress receiving nitric oxide gas as rescue therapy. Setting:. Massachusetts General Hospital, between March 18, 2020, and May 20, 2020, during the local coronavirus disease 2019 surge. Patients:. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients at high risk for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with worsening symptoms despite use of supplemental oxygen and/or awake proning. Interventions:. Patients received nitric oxide at concentrations of 160 ppm for 30 minutes twice per day via a face mask until resolution of symptoms, discharge, intubation, or the transition to comfort measures only. Measurements and Main Results:. Between March 18, 2020, and May 20, 2020, five patients received nitric oxide inhalation as a rescue therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 at Massachusetts General Hospital. All received at least one dosage. The three patients that received multiple treatments (ranging from five to nine) survived and were discharged home. Maximum methemoglobin concentration after 30 minutes of breathing nitric oxide was 2.0% (1.7–2.3%). Nitrogen dioxide was below 2 ppm. No changes in mean arterial pressure or heart rate were observed during or after nitric oxide treatment. Oxygenation and the respiratory rate remained stable during and after nitric oxide treatments. For two patients, inflammatory marker data were available and demonstrate a reduction or a cessation of escalation after nitric oxide treatment. Conclusions:. Nitric oxide at 160 ppm may be an effective adjuvant rescue therapy for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
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spelling doaj-art-6bc79bdb15124dae8c6cf6c3e01f43ca2025-08-20T02:45:31ZengWolters KluwerCritical Care Explorations2639-80282020-11-01211e027710.1097/CCE.0000000000000277202011000-00012Rescue Treatment With High-Dose Gaseous Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019Steffen B. Wiegand, MD0Bijan Safaee Fakhr, MD1Ryan W. Carroll, MD2Warren M. Zapol, MD3Robert M. Kacmarek, PhD4Lorenzo Berra, MD51 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.1 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.2 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.1 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.1 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.1 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.Objectives:. Treatment options are limited for patients with respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019. Conventional oxygen therapy and awake proning are options, but the use of high-flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure are controversial. There is an urgent need for effective rescue therapies. Our aim is to evaluate the role of inhaled nitric oxide 160 ppm as a possible rescue therapy in nonintubated coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Design:. Retrospective evaluation of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in respiratory distress receiving nitric oxide gas as rescue therapy. Setting:. Massachusetts General Hospital, between March 18, 2020, and May 20, 2020, during the local coronavirus disease 2019 surge. Patients:. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients at high risk for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with worsening symptoms despite use of supplemental oxygen and/or awake proning. Interventions:. Patients received nitric oxide at concentrations of 160 ppm for 30 minutes twice per day via a face mask until resolution of symptoms, discharge, intubation, or the transition to comfort measures only. Measurements and Main Results:. Between March 18, 2020, and May 20, 2020, five patients received nitric oxide inhalation as a rescue therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 at Massachusetts General Hospital. All received at least one dosage. The three patients that received multiple treatments (ranging from five to nine) survived and were discharged home. Maximum methemoglobin concentration after 30 minutes of breathing nitric oxide was 2.0% (1.7–2.3%). Nitrogen dioxide was below 2 ppm. No changes in mean arterial pressure or heart rate were observed during or after nitric oxide treatment. Oxygenation and the respiratory rate remained stable during and after nitric oxide treatments. For two patients, inflammatory marker data were available and demonstrate a reduction or a cessation of escalation after nitric oxide treatment. Conclusions:. Nitric oxide at 160 ppm may be an effective adjuvant rescue therapy for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/CCE.0000000000000277
spellingShingle Steffen B. Wiegand, MD
Bijan Safaee Fakhr, MD
Ryan W. Carroll, MD
Warren M. Zapol, MD
Robert M. Kacmarek, PhD
Lorenzo Berra, MD
Rescue Treatment With High-Dose Gaseous Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
Critical Care Explorations
title Rescue Treatment With High-Dose Gaseous Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
title_full Rescue Treatment With High-Dose Gaseous Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
title_fullStr Rescue Treatment With High-Dose Gaseous Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
title_full_unstemmed Rescue Treatment With High-Dose Gaseous Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
title_short Rescue Treatment With High-Dose Gaseous Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
title_sort rescue treatment with high dose gaseous nitric oxide in spontaneously breathing patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019
url http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/CCE.0000000000000277
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