Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping review
Background People in underserved groups have higher rates of tuberculosis (TB) and poorer treatment outcomes compared with people with no social risk factors.Objectives This scoping review aimed to identify interventions that improve TB treatment adherence or completion rates.Eligibility criteria St...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-03-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e080827.full |
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| author | Janine Dretzke David J Moore Anjana Roy Lauren Ahyow Carla Hobart Anamika Basu Ahimza Nagasivam Roger Gajraj |
| author_facet | Janine Dretzke David J Moore Anjana Roy Lauren Ahyow Carla Hobart Anamika Basu Ahimza Nagasivam Roger Gajraj |
| author_sort | Janine Dretzke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background People in underserved groups have higher rates of tuberculosis (TB) and poorer treatment outcomes compared with people with no social risk factors.Objectives This scoping review aimed to identify interventions that improve TB treatment adherence or completion rates.Eligibility criteria Studies of any design focusing on interventions to improve adherence or completion of TB treatment in underserved populations in low incidence countries.Sources of evidence MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched (January 2015 to December 2023).Charting methods Piloted data extraction forms were used. Findings were tabulated and reported narratively. Formal risk of bias assessment or synthesis was not undertaken.Results 47 studies were identified. There was substantial heterogeneity in study design, population, intervention components, usual care and definition of completion rates. Most studies were in migrants or refugees, with fewer in populations with other risk factors (eg, homelessness, imprisonment or substance abuse). Based on controlled studies, there was limited evidence to suggest that shorter treatment regimens, video-observed therapy (compared with directly observed therapy), directly observed therapy (compared with self-administered treatment) and approaches that include tailored health or social support beyond TB treatment may lead to improved outcomes. This evidence is mostly observational and subject to confounding. There were no studies in Gypsy, Roma and Traveller populations, or individuals with mental health disorders and only one in sex workers. Barriers to treatment adherence included a lack of knowledge around TB, lack of general health or social support and side effects. Facilitators included health education, trusted relationships between patients and healthcare staff, social support and reduced treatment duration.Conclusions The evidence base is limited, and few controlled studies exist. Further high-quality research in well-defined underserved populations is needed to confirm the limited findings and inform policy and practice in TB management. Further qualitative research should include more people from underserved groups. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6bc56edbcda8463d96a6b333bfc40c83 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-6bc56edbcda8463d96a6b333bfc40c832025-08-20T03:12:42ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-03-0114310.1136/bmjopen-2023-080827Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping reviewJanine Dretzke0David J Moore1Anjana Roy2Lauren Ahyow3Carla Hobart4Anamika Basu5Ahimza Nagasivam6Roger Gajraj71 Department of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK1 Department of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKHealth Equity and Inclusion Health Division, UKHSA, London, UKUK Health Security Agency, London, UKUK Health Security Agency, London, UKUK Health Security Agency, London, UKUK Health Security Agency, London, UKUK Health Security Agency, London, UKBackground People in underserved groups have higher rates of tuberculosis (TB) and poorer treatment outcomes compared with people with no social risk factors.Objectives This scoping review aimed to identify interventions that improve TB treatment adherence or completion rates.Eligibility criteria Studies of any design focusing on interventions to improve adherence or completion of TB treatment in underserved populations in low incidence countries.Sources of evidence MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched (January 2015 to December 2023).Charting methods Piloted data extraction forms were used. Findings were tabulated and reported narratively. Formal risk of bias assessment or synthesis was not undertaken.Results 47 studies were identified. There was substantial heterogeneity in study design, population, intervention components, usual care and definition of completion rates. Most studies were in migrants or refugees, with fewer in populations with other risk factors (eg, homelessness, imprisonment or substance abuse). Based on controlled studies, there was limited evidence to suggest that shorter treatment regimens, video-observed therapy (compared with directly observed therapy), directly observed therapy (compared with self-administered treatment) and approaches that include tailored health or social support beyond TB treatment may lead to improved outcomes. This evidence is mostly observational and subject to confounding. There were no studies in Gypsy, Roma and Traveller populations, or individuals with mental health disorders and only one in sex workers. Barriers to treatment adherence included a lack of knowledge around TB, lack of general health or social support and side effects. Facilitators included health education, trusted relationships between patients and healthcare staff, social support and reduced treatment duration.Conclusions The evidence base is limited, and few controlled studies exist. Further high-quality research in well-defined underserved populations is needed to confirm the limited findings and inform policy and practice in TB management. Further qualitative research should include more people from underserved groups.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e080827.full |
| spellingShingle | Janine Dretzke David J Moore Anjana Roy Lauren Ahyow Carla Hobart Anamika Basu Ahimza Nagasivam Roger Gajraj Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping review BMJ Open |
| title | Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping review |
| title_full | Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping review |
| title_fullStr | Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping review |
| title_short | Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping review |
| title_sort | interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries a scoping review |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e080827.full |
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