Immunomodulatory Properties of Multi-Strain Postbiotics on Human CD14<sup>+</sup> Monocytes

The ability of probiotics, comprising live microbiota, to modulate the composition of intestinal microbiomes has been connected to modulation of the central nervous system (Gut–Brain axis), neuroendocrine system (Gut–Skin axis), and immune response (Gut–Immune axis). Less information is known regard...

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Main Authors: Kyle D. Roberts, Sadia Ahmed, Erin San Valentin, Luca Di Martino, Thomas S. McCormick, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1673
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author Kyle D. Roberts
Sadia Ahmed
Erin San Valentin
Luca Di Martino
Thomas S. McCormick
Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
author_facet Kyle D. Roberts
Sadia Ahmed
Erin San Valentin
Luca Di Martino
Thomas S. McCormick
Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
author_sort Kyle D. Roberts
collection DOAJ
description The ability of probiotics, comprising live microbiota, to modulate the composition of intestinal microbiomes has been connected to modulation of the central nervous system (Gut–Brain axis), neuroendocrine system (Gut–Skin axis), and immune response (Gut–Immune axis). Less information is known regarding the ability of postbiotics (cell wall components and secreted metabolites derived from live organisms) to regulate host immunity. In the present study, we tested postbiotics comprising single strains of bacteria and yeast (<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> 16axg, <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> 18fx, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii</i> 16mxg) as well as combinations of multiple strains for their ability to stimulate cytokine production by human CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes. We quantified cytokine gene and protein expression levels in monocytes following stimulation with postbiotics. Both heat-killed <i>L. acidophilus</i> and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> stimulated naïve monocytes without significant differences between them. Heat-killed <i>S. boulardii</i> stimulated less cytokine production compared to postbiotic bacteria at the same concentration. Interestingly, the addition of heat-killed yeast to heat-killed <i>L. acidophilus</i> and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> resulted in an enhancement of immune stimulation. Thus, heat-killed postbiotics have immune-modulating potential, particularly when bacteria and yeast are combined. This approach may hold promise for developing targeted interventions that can be fine-tuned to modulate host immune response with beneficial health impact.
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spelling doaj-art-6bbf9e8f075b4da490a1d4b695a5bf372025-08-20T02:53:37ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-12-011412167310.3390/life14121673Immunomodulatory Properties of Multi-Strain Postbiotics on Human CD14<sup>+</sup> MonocytesKyle D. Roberts0Sadia Ahmed1Erin San Valentin2Luca Di Martino3Thomas S. McCormick4Mahmoud A. Ghannoum5Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USACase Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAThe ability of probiotics, comprising live microbiota, to modulate the composition of intestinal microbiomes has been connected to modulation of the central nervous system (Gut–Brain axis), neuroendocrine system (Gut–Skin axis), and immune response (Gut–Immune axis). Less information is known regarding the ability of postbiotics (cell wall components and secreted metabolites derived from live organisms) to regulate host immunity. In the present study, we tested postbiotics comprising single strains of bacteria and yeast (<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> 16axg, <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> 18fx, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii</i> 16mxg) as well as combinations of multiple strains for their ability to stimulate cytokine production by human CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes. We quantified cytokine gene and protein expression levels in monocytes following stimulation with postbiotics. Both heat-killed <i>L. acidophilus</i> and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> stimulated naïve monocytes without significant differences between them. Heat-killed <i>S. boulardii</i> stimulated less cytokine production compared to postbiotic bacteria at the same concentration. Interestingly, the addition of heat-killed yeast to heat-killed <i>L. acidophilus</i> and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> resulted in an enhancement of immune stimulation. Thus, heat-killed postbiotics have immune-modulating potential, particularly when bacteria and yeast are combined. This approach may hold promise for developing targeted interventions that can be fine-tuned to modulate host immune response with beneficial health impact.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1673<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i><i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i><i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i>immunomodulationpostbiotics
spellingShingle Kyle D. Roberts
Sadia Ahmed
Erin San Valentin
Luca Di Martino
Thomas S. McCormick
Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
Immunomodulatory Properties of Multi-Strain Postbiotics on Human CD14<sup>+</sup> Monocytes
Life
<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>
<i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i>
<i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i>
immunomodulation
postbiotics
title Immunomodulatory Properties of Multi-Strain Postbiotics on Human CD14<sup>+</sup> Monocytes
title_full Immunomodulatory Properties of Multi-Strain Postbiotics on Human CD14<sup>+</sup> Monocytes
title_fullStr Immunomodulatory Properties of Multi-Strain Postbiotics on Human CD14<sup>+</sup> Monocytes
title_full_unstemmed Immunomodulatory Properties of Multi-Strain Postbiotics on Human CD14<sup>+</sup> Monocytes
title_short Immunomodulatory Properties of Multi-Strain Postbiotics on Human CD14<sup>+</sup> Monocytes
title_sort immunomodulatory properties of multi strain postbiotics on human cd14 sup sup monocytes
topic <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>
<i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i>
<i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i>
immunomodulation
postbiotics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1673
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