Evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in Tai'an geothermal water, China

Tai'an city, located in Shandong Province, China, is rich in geothermal resources, characterized by shallow burial, high water temperature, and abundant water supply, making them high value for exploitation. However, corrosion and scaling are main challenges that hinder the widespread applicati...

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Main Authors: Man Li, Wei Zhang, Yu-zhong Liao, Feng Liu, Long Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Groundwater Science and Engineering Limited 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/JGSE.2025.9280044
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author Man Li
Wei Zhang
Yu-zhong Liao
Feng Liu
Long Li
author_facet Man Li
Wei Zhang
Yu-zhong Liao
Feng Liu
Long Li
author_sort Man Li
collection DOAJ
description Tai'an city, located in Shandong Province, China, is rich in geothermal resources, characterized by shallow burial, high water temperature, and abundant water supply, making them high value for exploitation. However, corrosion and scaling are main challenges that hinder the widespread application and effective utilization of geothermal energy. This study focuses on the typical geothermal fields in Tai'an, employing qualitative evaluations of the geochemical saturation index with temperature, combined with the corrosion coefficient, Ryznar index, boiler scale, and hard scale assessment, to predict corrosion and scaling trends in the geothermal water of the study area. The results show that the hydrochemical types of geothermal water in the study area are predominantly Na-Ca-SO4 and Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3, with the water being weakly alkaline. Simulations of saturation index changes with temperature reveal that calcium carbonate scaling is dominant scaling type in the area, with no evidence of calcium sulfate scaling. In the Daiyue Qiaogou geothermal field, the water exhibited corrosive bubble water properties, moderate calcium carbonate scaling, and abundant boiler scaling. Feicheng Anjiazhuang geothermal field showed non-corrosive bubble water, moderate calcium carbonate scaling, and significant boiler scaling. The Daidao'an geothermal field presented corrosive semi-bubble water, moderate calcium carbonate scaling, and abundant boiler scaling. The findings provide a foundation for the efficient exploitation of geothermal resources in the region. Implementing anti-corrosion and scale prevention measures can significantly enhance the utilization of geothermal energy.
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issn 2305-7068
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Groundwater Science and Engineering Limited
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-6bb5f41b72bf4cfc945d0863f22838b82025-08-20T03:05:42ZengGroundwater Science and Engineering LimitedJournal of Groundwater Science and Engineering2305-70682025-05-0113213314610.26599/JGSE.2025.9280044Evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in Tai'an geothermal water, ChinaMan Li0Wei Zhang1Yu-zhong Liao2Feng Liu3Long Li4The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaThe Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaThe Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaThe Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaThe Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaTai'an city, located in Shandong Province, China, is rich in geothermal resources, characterized by shallow burial, high water temperature, and abundant water supply, making them high value for exploitation. However, corrosion and scaling are main challenges that hinder the widespread application and effective utilization of geothermal energy. This study focuses on the typical geothermal fields in Tai'an, employing qualitative evaluations of the geochemical saturation index with temperature, combined with the corrosion coefficient, Ryznar index, boiler scale, and hard scale assessment, to predict corrosion and scaling trends in the geothermal water of the study area. The results show that the hydrochemical types of geothermal water in the study area are predominantly Na-Ca-SO4 and Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3, with the water being weakly alkaline. Simulations of saturation index changes with temperature reveal that calcium carbonate scaling is dominant scaling type in the area, with no evidence of calcium sulfate scaling. In the Daiyue Qiaogou geothermal field, the water exhibited corrosive bubble water properties, moderate calcium carbonate scaling, and abundant boiler scaling. Feicheng Anjiazhuang geothermal field showed non-corrosive bubble water, moderate calcium carbonate scaling, and significant boiler scaling. The Daidao'an geothermal field presented corrosive semi-bubble water, moderate calcium carbonate scaling, and abundant boiler scaling. The findings provide a foundation for the efficient exploitation of geothermal resources in the region. Implementing anti-corrosion and scale prevention measures can significantly enhance the utilization of geothermal energy.https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/JGSE.2025.9280044geothermaltai'anscalingcorrosioncentral shandong uplift area
spellingShingle Man Li
Wei Zhang
Yu-zhong Liao
Feng Liu
Long Li
Evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in Tai'an geothermal water, China
Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering
geothermal
tai'an
scaling
corrosion
central shandong uplift area
title Evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in Tai'an geothermal water, China
title_full Evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in Tai'an geothermal water, China
title_fullStr Evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in Tai'an geothermal water, China
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in Tai'an geothermal water, China
title_short Evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in Tai'an geothermal water, China
title_sort evaluation of the scaling and corrosion in tai an geothermal water china
topic geothermal
tai'an
scaling
corrosion
central shandong uplift area
url https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/JGSE.2025.9280044
work_keys_str_mv AT manli evaluationofthescalingandcorrosionintaiangeothermalwaterchina
AT weizhang evaluationofthescalingandcorrosionintaiangeothermalwaterchina
AT yuzhongliao evaluationofthescalingandcorrosionintaiangeothermalwaterchina
AT fengliu evaluationofthescalingandcorrosionintaiangeothermalwaterchina
AT longli evaluationofthescalingandcorrosionintaiangeothermalwaterchina