Autophagy suppresses RIP kinase-dependent necrosis enabling survival to mTOR inhibition.

mTOR inhibitors are used clinically to treat renal cancer but are not curative. Here we show that autophagy is a resistance mechanism of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines to mTOR inhibitors. RCC cell lines have high basal autophagy that is required for survival to mTOR inhibition. In RCC4...

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Main Authors: Kevin Bray, Robin Mathew, Alexandria Lau, Jurre J Kamphorst, Jing Fan, Jim Chen, Hsin-Yi Chen, Anahita Ghavami, Mark Stein, Robert S DiPaola, Donna Zhang, Joshua D Rabinowitz, Eileen White
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041831
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author Kevin Bray
Robin Mathew
Alexandria Lau
Jurre J Kamphorst
Jing Fan
Jim Chen
Hsin-Yi Chen
Anahita Ghavami
Mark Stein
Robert S DiPaola
Donna Zhang
Joshua D Rabinowitz
Eileen White
author_facet Kevin Bray
Robin Mathew
Alexandria Lau
Jurre J Kamphorst
Jing Fan
Jim Chen
Hsin-Yi Chen
Anahita Ghavami
Mark Stein
Robert S DiPaola
Donna Zhang
Joshua D Rabinowitz
Eileen White
author_sort Kevin Bray
collection DOAJ
description mTOR inhibitors are used clinically to treat renal cancer but are not curative. Here we show that autophagy is a resistance mechanism of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines to mTOR inhibitors. RCC cell lines have high basal autophagy that is required for survival to mTOR inhibition. In RCC4 cells, inhibition of mTOR with CCI-779 stimulates autophagy and eliminates RIP kinases (RIPKs) and this is blocked by autophagy inhibition, which induces RIPK- and ROS-dependent necroptosis in vitro and suppresses xenograft growth. Autophagy of mitochondria is required for cell survival since mTOR inhibition turns off Nrf2 antioxidant defense. Thus, coordinate mTOR and autophagy inhibition leads to an imbalance between ROS production and defense, causing necroptosis that may enhance cancer treatment efficacy.
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id doaj-art-6ba4d2c1b1124f52914b4f6ce3ca12ad
institution Kabale University
issn 1932-6203
language English
publishDate 2012-01-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
series PLoS ONE
spelling doaj-art-6ba4d2c1b1124f52914b4f6ce3ca12ad2025-08-20T03:45:11ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0177e4183110.1371/journal.pone.0041831Autophagy suppresses RIP kinase-dependent necrosis enabling survival to mTOR inhibition.Kevin BrayRobin MathewAlexandria LauJurre J KamphorstJing FanJim ChenHsin-Yi ChenAnahita GhavamiMark SteinRobert S DiPaolaDonna ZhangJoshua D RabinowitzEileen WhitemTOR inhibitors are used clinically to treat renal cancer but are not curative. Here we show that autophagy is a resistance mechanism of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines to mTOR inhibitors. RCC cell lines have high basal autophagy that is required for survival to mTOR inhibition. In RCC4 cells, inhibition of mTOR with CCI-779 stimulates autophagy and eliminates RIP kinases (RIPKs) and this is blocked by autophagy inhibition, which induces RIPK- and ROS-dependent necroptosis in vitro and suppresses xenograft growth. Autophagy of mitochondria is required for cell survival since mTOR inhibition turns off Nrf2 antioxidant defense. Thus, coordinate mTOR and autophagy inhibition leads to an imbalance between ROS production and defense, causing necroptosis that may enhance cancer treatment efficacy.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041831
spellingShingle Kevin Bray
Robin Mathew
Alexandria Lau
Jurre J Kamphorst
Jing Fan
Jim Chen
Hsin-Yi Chen
Anahita Ghavami
Mark Stein
Robert S DiPaola
Donna Zhang
Joshua D Rabinowitz
Eileen White
Autophagy suppresses RIP kinase-dependent necrosis enabling survival to mTOR inhibition.
PLoS ONE
title Autophagy suppresses RIP kinase-dependent necrosis enabling survival to mTOR inhibition.
title_full Autophagy suppresses RIP kinase-dependent necrosis enabling survival to mTOR inhibition.
title_fullStr Autophagy suppresses RIP kinase-dependent necrosis enabling survival to mTOR inhibition.
title_full_unstemmed Autophagy suppresses RIP kinase-dependent necrosis enabling survival to mTOR inhibition.
title_short Autophagy suppresses RIP kinase-dependent necrosis enabling survival to mTOR inhibition.
title_sort autophagy suppresses rip kinase dependent necrosis enabling survival to mtor inhibition
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041831
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