Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for preventionResearch in context
Summary: Background: Data on dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), while extensive, are inconsistent. Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze available data unraveling the relationship between diet and IBD subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis...
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Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | EClinicalMedicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537025002858 |
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| author | Antoine Meyer Manasi Agrawal Einat Savin-Shalom Emily C.L. Wong Carrie Levinson Stephanie Gold Neeraj Narula Jean-Frédéric Colombel Franck Carbonnel |
| author_facet | Antoine Meyer Manasi Agrawal Einat Savin-Shalom Emily C.L. Wong Carrie Levinson Stephanie Gold Neeraj Narula Jean-Frédéric Colombel Franck Carbonnel |
| author_sort | Antoine Meyer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Background: Data on dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), while extensive, are inconsistent. Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze available data unraveling the relationship between diet and IBD subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines, from inception to May 8 2025, using OVID Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases, to identify prospective cohorts of healthy participants, on the association between diet and the risk of CD or UC. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects model, pooling hazard ratios (HRs) for each exposure category, relative to the lowest. Findings: Of 7916 studies identified by the search, 72 studies (65 in adults, 7 in children) met the inclusion criteria. The 65 adult cohort studies included 2.043.601 participants; 62.3% were women, the mean age at recruitment was 53.1 years and mean follow up was 12.8 years. Overall, 1902 participants developed CD and 4617 developed UC. Inflammatory diet (pooled aHR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.11) and ultra-processed foods (pooled aHR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.36–2.14) were associated with an increased risk of CD. High fiber intake (pooled aHR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.41–0.70), Mediterranean diet (pooled aHR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43–0.81), healthy diet (pooled aHR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54–0.91), and unprocessed or minimally processed foods (pooled aHR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.94) were associated with a lower risk of CD. No consistent associations were found between individual foods or food patterns and the risk of UC. Interpretation: This study summarizes evidence on the link between specific dietary items or patterns and the risk of IBD. These data will help inform the design of prevention trials that include a dietary component as well as prevention strategies overall. Funding: This study received no funding |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b9fa67921654f8c8aa4e3118f4eb8f5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-5370 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EClinicalMedicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b9fa67921654f8c8aa4e3118f4eb8f52025-08-20T03:27:52ZengElsevierEClinicalMedicine2589-53702025-08-018610335310.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103353Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for preventionResearch in contextAntoine Meyer0Manasi Agrawal1Einat Savin-Shalom2Emily C.L. Wong3Carrie Levinson4Stephanie Gold5Neeraj Narula6Jean-Frédéric Colombel7Franck Carbonnel8Service de Gastroentérologie, University Hospital of Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM 1018, INSERM, UPS, UVSQ Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, FranceThe Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, DenmarkThe Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USADepartment of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology) and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaLevy Library, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAThe Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USADepartment of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology) and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaThe Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAService de Gastroentérologie, University Hospital of Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM 1018, INSERM, UPS, UVSQ Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France; The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Corresponding author. Service de Gastroentérologie, University Hospital of Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.Summary: Background: Data on dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), while extensive, are inconsistent. Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze available data unraveling the relationship between diet and IBD subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines, from inception to May 8 2025, using OVID Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases, to identify prospective cohorts of healthy participants, on the association between diet and the risk of CD or UC. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects model, pooling hazard ratios (HRs) for each exposure category, relative to the lowest. Findings: Of 7916 studies identified by the search, 72 studies (65 in adults, 7 in children) met the inclusion criteria. The 65 adult cohort studies included 2.043.601 participants; 62.3% were women, the mean age at recruitment was 53.1 years and mean follow up was 12.8 years. Overall, 1902 participants developed CD and 4617 developed UC. Inflammatory diet (pooled aHR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.11) and ultra-processed foods (pooled aHR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.36–2.14) were associated with an increased risk of CD. High fiber intake (pooled aHR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.41–0.70), Mediterranean diet (pooled aHR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43–0.81), healthy diet (pooled aHR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54–0.91), and unprocessed or minimally processed foods (pooled aHR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.94) were associated with a lower risk of CD. No consistent associations were found between individual foods or food patterns and the risk of UC. Interpretation: This study summarizes evidence on the link between specific dietary items or patterns and the risk of IBD. These data will help inform the design of prevention trials that include a dietary component as well as prevention strategies overall. Funding: This study received no fundinghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537025002858Inflammatory bowel diseaseCrohn's diseaseDietUltra-processed foodsPrevention |
| spellingShingle | Antoine Meyer Manasi Agrawal Einat Savin-Shalom Emily C.L. Wong Carrie Levinson Stephanie Gold Neeraj Narula Jean-Frédéric Colombel Franck Carbonnel Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for preventionResearch in context EClinicalMedicine Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Diet Ultra-processed foods Prevention |
| title | Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for preventionResearch in context |
| title_full | Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for preventionResearch in context |
| title_fullStr | Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for preventionResearch in context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for preventionResearch in context |
| title_short | Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for preventionResearch in context |
| title_sort | impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk systematic review meta analyses and implications for preventionresearch in context |
| topic | Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Diet Ultra-processed foods Prevention |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537025002858 |
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