Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay
Abstract Background New malaria control tools are needed to prevent the transmission of parasites from the host to the mosquito vector and vice versa. The infectiousness of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes obtained from individuals to laboratory-reared mosquitoes should be quantified to employ easi...
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2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05360-3 |
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| author | Hoseah Miima Akala John J. Aponte Millicent Anyango Achola Dennis W. Juma Benjamin H. Opot Risper N. Maisiba Raphael O. Okoth Jackline A. Juma Edwin W. Mwakio Maurine A. Mwalo David O. Oullo David Abuom Eric C. Garges Fredrick L. Eyase Lucas Otieno Tina Nathanial K. Copeland Amanda Roth James Mutunga Irene Onyango Jaree Johnson Bernhards R. Ogutu Peter Sifuna Jack Hutter Laina Mercer Mike Raine Valerie Moore Karen Ivinson Yimin Wu Ben Andagalu Christian F. Ockenhouse |
| author_facet | Hoseah Miima Akala John J. Aponte Millicent Anyango Achola Dennis W. Juma Benjamin H. Opot Risper N. Maisiba Raphael O. Okoth Jackline A. Juma Edwin W. Mwakio Maurine A. Mwalo David O. Oullo David Abuom Eric C. Garges Fredrick L. Eyase Lucas Otieno Tina Nathanial K. Copeland Amanda Roth James Mutunga Irene Onyango Jaree Johnson Bernhards R. Ogutu Peter Sifuna Jack Hutter Laina Mercer Mike Raine Valerie Moore Karen Ivinson Yimin Wu Ben Andagalu Christian F. Ockenhouse |
| author_sort | Hoseah Miima Akala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background New malaria control tools are needed to prevent the transmission of parasites from the host to the mosquito vector and vice versa. The infectiousness of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes obtained from individuals to laboratory-reared mosquitoes should be quantified to employ easily applicable assays for evaluating transmission-blocking interventions. This study aimed to establish the relationship between parasite transmission from humans to mosquitoes both within a person and across persons by assessing the variation in the proportion of infected mosquitoes with at least one oocyst (oocyst prevalence) in a direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) and direct skin landing feeding assay (DSFA) performed at two consecutive time points in the same human subject with P. falciparum gametocytaemia. Methods A total of 400 adults without symptoms of malaria residing in Western Kenya were screened for the presence of P. falciparum gametocytes. Individuals who tested positive had DMFAs and DSFAs on two subsequent days of feeding, baseline and final visit, to compare mosquito infection rates between the two feeds. Results Blood samples from 42 individuals testing positive for gametocytes underwent mosquito infection assays. Survival rates of mosquitoes after feeding at baseline and final visit were 13.2 and 11.6 days for DMFA and 12.1 and 11.4 days for DSFA, respectively. The mean oocyst prevalence on feeding at baseline and final visit was 6.3% and 2.2% for DMFA and 5.2% and 2.3% for DSFA, respectively. A not significantly lower prevalence was not observed on at final visit (− 0.016% for DMFA, p = 0.795) and -0.025% for DSFA, p = 0.711 compared to feeding at baseline. The correlation of oocyst prevalence between feeding baseline and final visit for both was low (0.3 95%CI (0.15, 0.51). Exploratory analysis suggests a lower probability of infection on the second day, with lower oocyst density. Conclusions These findings have implications for future studies and limit the utility of before-after designs in testing transmission-blocking interventions. The findings show comparable infection rates in both DMFA and DSFA, which allows use of less invasive membrane assays in future studies. Trial registration NCT04666350. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b9070a28dec4e4eb3096ea3ac0957e5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b9070a28dec4e4eb3096ea3ac0957e52025-08-20T03:10:18ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752025-05-0124111310.1186/s12936-025-05360-3Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assayHoseah Miima Akala0John J. Aponte1Millicent Anyango Achola2Dennis W. Juma3Benjamin H. Opot4Risper N. Maisiba5Raphael O. Okoth6Jackline A. Juma7Edwin W. Mwakio8Maurine A. Mwalo9David O. Oullo10David Abuom11Eric C. Garges12Fredrick L. Eyase13Lucas Otieno Tina14Nathanial K. Copeland15Amanda Roth16James Mutunga17Irene Onyango18Jaree Johnson19Bernhards R. Ogutu20Peter Sifuna21Jack Hutter22Laina Mercer23Mike Raine24Valerie Moore25Karen Ivinson26Yimin Wu27Ben Andagalu28Christian F. Ockenhouse29Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstitutePATHWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research AfricaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteMedical Communications for Combat Casualty CareWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteArmed Forces Pest Management BoardCentre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstituteWalter Reed Army Institute of Research AfricaPATHPATHPATHPATHPATHWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research InstitutePATHAbstract Background New malaria control tools are needed to prevent the transmission of parasites from the host to the mosquito vector and vice versa. The infectiousness of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes obtained from individuals to laboratory-reared mosquitoes should be quantified to employ easily applicable assays for evaluating transmission-blocking interventions. This study aimed to establish the relationship between parasite transmission from humans to mosquitoes both within a person and across persons by assessing the variation in the proportion of infected mosquitoes with at least one oocyst (oocyst prevalence) in a direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) and direct skin landing feeding assay (DSFA) performed at two consecutive time points in the same human subject with P. falciparum gametocytaemia. Methods A total of 400 adults without symptoms of malaria residing in Western Kenya were screened for the presence of P. falciparum gametocytes. Individuals who tested positive had DMFAs and DSFAs on two subsequent days of feeding, baseline and final visit, to compare mosquito infection rates between the two feeds. Results Blood samples from 42 individuals testing positive for gametocytes underwent mosquito infection assays. Survival rates of mosquitoes after feeding at baseline and final visit were 13.2 and 11.6 days for DMFA and 12.1 and 11.4 days for DSFA, respectively. The mean oocyst prevalence on feeding at baseline and final visit was 6.3% and 2.2% for DMFA and 5.2% and 2.3% for DSFA, respectively. A not significantly lower prevalence was not observed on at final visit (− 0.016% for DMFA, p = 0.795) and -0.025% for DSFA, p = 0.711 compared to feeding at baseline. The correlation of oocyst prevalence between feeding baseline and final visit for both was low (0.3 95%CI (0.15, 0.51). Exploratory analysis suggests a lower probability of infection on the second day, with lower oocyst density. Conclusions These findings have implications for future studies and limit the utility of before-after designs in testing transmission-blocking interventions. The findings show comparable infection rates in both DMFA and DSFA, which allows use of less invasive membrane assays in future studies. Trial registration NCT04666350.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05360-3MalariaGametocytesTransmission blockingClinical trial designBefore-after |
| spellingShingle | Hoseah Miima Akala John J. Aponte Millicent Anyango Achola Dennis W. Juma Benjamin H. Opot Risper N. Maisiba Raphael O. Okoth Jackline A. Juma Edwin W. Mwakio Maurine A. Mwalo David O. Oullo David Abuom Eric C. Garges Fredrick L. Eyase Lucas Otieno Tina Nathanial K. Copeland Amanda Roth James Mutunga Irene Onyango Jaree Johnson Bernhards R. Ogutu Peter Sifuna Jack Hutter Laina Mercer Mike Raine Valerie Moore Karen Ivinson Yimin Wu Ben Andagalu Christian F. Ockenhouse Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay Malaria Journal Malaria Gametocytes Transmission blocking Clinical trial design Before-after |
| title | Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay |
| title_full | Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay |
| title_fullStr | Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay |
| title_short | Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay |
| title_sort | consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay |
| topic | Malaria Gametocytes Transmission blocking Clinical trial design Before-after |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05360-3 |
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