Cellulose-based Adsorbent of Animal Waste for the Adsorption of Lead and Phenol

The adsorption of phenol and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions was achieved using calcined animal waste (cow dung) as a low-cost adsorbent. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonate, and possibly silicate functional groups in the adsorption process. Scanning elec...

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Main Authors: Patrick T. Ngueagni, Mohamed Hefnawy, Edwin Andrew Ofudje, Ali El Gamal, James Asamu Akande, Talha Bin Emran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-04-01
Series:BioResources
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Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24299
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author Patrick T. Ngueagni
Mohamed Hefnawy
Edwin Andrew Ofudje
Ali El Gamal
James Asamu Akande
Talha Bin Emran
author_facet Patrick T. Ngueagni
Mohamed Hefnawy
Edwin Andrew Ofudje
Ali El Gamal
James Asamu Akande
Talha Bin Emran
author_sort Patrick T. Ngueagni
collection DOAJ
description The adsorption of phenol and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions was achieved using calcined animal waste (cow dung) as a low-cost adsorbent. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonate, and possibly silicate functional groups in the adsorption process. Scanning electron microscope images revealed the presence of distinct rod-like fibers on the adsorbent surface. Adsorption kinetics revealed an increase in pollutant uptake over time, with the effect being more pronounced at a higher initial concentration of 280 mg/L. The optimal pH for maximum adsorption was identified as 6.5 for phenol and 4.5 for lead. Langmuir isotherm analysis indicated a higher adsorption affinity for lead, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 101 mg/g, compared to 89.3 mg/g for phenol. Conversely, the Freundlich isotherm model demonstrated a better fit for phenol adsorption. Thermodynamic evaluations showed negative ΔG° values, confirming the spontaneous nature of the sorption process for both pollutants. The enthalpy change (ΔH°) values of 11.6 kJ/mol for phenol and 21.7 kJ/mol for lead validated the endothermic nature of the adsorption. These results underscore the effectiveness of calcined animal waste as a sustainable and efficient adsorbent for eliminating phenol and lead from wastewater.
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publisher North Carolina State University
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spelling doaj-art-6b8df6bb48fd4832a032510b2a4ff77d2025-08-20T02:12:45ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-04-01202392339522571Cellulose-based Adsorbent of Animal Waste for the Adsorption of Lead and PhenolPatrick T. Ngueagni0Mohamed Hefnawy1Edwin Andrew Ofudje2Ali El Gamal3James Asamu Akande4Talha Bin Emran5Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé, 812, Yaoundé, CameroonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State, NigeriaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, BangladeshThe adsorption of phenol and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions was achieved using calcined animal waste (cow dung) as a low-cost adsorbent. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonate, and possibly silicate functional groups in the adsorption process. Scanning electron microscope images revealed the presence of distinct rod-like fibers on the adsorbent surface. Adsorption kinetics revealed an increase in pollutant uptake over time, with the effect being more pronounced at a higher initial concentration of 280 mg/L. The optimal pH for maximum adsorption was identified as 6.5 for phenol and 4.5 for lead. Langmuir isotherm analysis indicated a higher adsorption affinity for lead, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 101 mg/g, compared to 89.3 mg/g for phenol. Conversely, the Freundlich isotherm model demonstrated a better fit for phenol adsorption. Thermodynamic evaluations showed negative ΔG° values, confirming the spontaneous nature of the sorption process for both pollutants. The enthalpy change (ΔH°) values of 11.6 kJ/mol for phenol and 21.7 kJ/mol for lead validated the endothermic nature of the adsorption. These results underscore the effectiveness of calcined animal waste as a sustainable and efficient adsorbent for eliminating phenol and lead from wastewater.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24299adsorbentadsorptionanimal wastecellulosecontaminants
spellingShingle Patrick T. Ngueagni
Mohamed Hefnawy
Edwin Andrew Ofudje
Ali El Gamal
James Asamu Akande
Talha Bin Emran
Cellulose-based Adsorbent of Animal Waste for the Adsorption of Lead and Phenol
BioResources
adsorbent
adsorption
animal waste
cellulose
contaminants
title Cellulose-based Adsorbent of Animal Waste for the Adsorption of Lead and Phenol
title_full Cellulose-based Adsorbent of Animal Waste for the Adsorption of Lead and Phenol
title_fullStr Cellulose-based Adsorbent of Animal Waste for the Adsorption of Lead and Phenol
title_full_unstemmed Cellulose-based Adsorbent of Animal Waste for the Adsorption of Lead and Phenol
title_short Cellulose-based Adsorbent of Animal Waste for the Adsorption of Lead and Phenol
title_sort cellulose based adsorbent of animal waste for the adsorption of lead and phenol
topic adsorbent
adsorption
animal waste
cellulose
contaminants
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24299
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AT edwinandrewofudje cellulosebasedadsorbentofanimalwastefortheadsorptionofleadandphenol
AT alielgamal cellulosebasedadsorbentofanimalwastefortheadsorptionofleadandphenol
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