Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Bioimpedance Imaging Wearables
Bioimpedance imaging aims to generate a 3D map of the resistivity and permittivity of biological tissue from multiple impedance channels measured with electrodes applied to the skin. When the electrodes are distributed around the body (for example, by delineating a cross section of the chest or a li...
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MDPI AG
2024-09-01
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| author | Olivier Chételat Michaël Rapin Benjamin Bonnal André Fivaz Benjamin Sporrer James Rosenthal Josias Wacker |
| author_facet | Olivier Chételat Michaël Rapin Benjamin Bonnal André Fivaz Benjamin Sporrer James Rosenthal Josias Wacker |
| author_sort | Olivier Chételat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bioimpedance imaging aims to generate a 3D map of the resistivity and permittivity of biological tissue from multiple impedance channels measured with electrodes applied to the skin. When the electrodes are distributed around the body (for example, by delineating a cross section of the chest or a limb), bioimpedance imaging is called electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and results in functional 2D images. Conventional EIT systems rely on individually cabling each electrode to master electronics in a star configuration. This approach works well for rack-mounted equipment; however, the bulkiness of the cabling is unsuitable for a wearable system. Previously presented cooperative sensors solve this cabling problem using active (dry) electrodes connected via a two-wire parallel bus. The bus can be implemented with two unshielded wires or even two conductive textile layers, thus replacing the cumbersome wiring of the conventional star arrangement. Prior research demonstrated cooperative sensors for measuring bioimpedances, successfully realizing a measurement reference signal, sensor synchronization, and data transfer though still relying on individual batteries to power the sensors. Subsequent research using cooperative sensors for biopotential measurements proposed a method to remove batteries from the sensors and have the central unit supply power over the two-wire bus. Building from our previous research, this paper presents the application of this method to the measurement of bioimpedances. Two different approaches are discussed, one using discrete, commercially available components, and the other with an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The initial experimental results reveal that both approaches are feasible, but the ASIC approach offers advantages for medical safety, as well as lower power consumption and a smaller size. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b896e6fc5044dbfb9656b0148dd08ce |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b896e6fc5044dbfb9656b0148dd08ce2025-08-20T01:55:50ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-09-012418589610.3390/s24185896Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Bioimpedance Imaging WearablesOlivier Chételat0Michaël Rapin1Benjamin Bonnal2André Fivaz3Benjamin Sporrer4James Rosenthal5Josias Wacker6Medtech Business Unit, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandMedtech Business Unit, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandMedtech Business Unit, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandMedtech Business Unit, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandIntegrated & Wireless Business Unit, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Technopark, Technoparkstrasse 1, 8005 Zürich, SwitzerlandMedtech Business Unit, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandMedtech Business Unit, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandBioimpedance imaging aims to generate a 3D map of the resistivity and permittivity of biological tissue from multiple impedance channels measured with electrodes applied to the skin. When the electrodes are distributed around the body (for example, by delineating a cross section of the chest or a limb), bioimpedance imaging is called electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and results in functional 2D images. Conventional EIT systems rely on individually cabling each electrode to master electronics in a star configuration. This approach works well for rack-mounted equipment; however, the bulkiness of the cabling is unsuitable for a wearable system. Previously presented cooperative sensors solve this cabling problem using active (dry) electrodes connected via a two-wire parallel bus. The bus can be implemented with two unshielded wires or even two conductive textile layers, thus replacing the cumbersome wiring of the conventional star arrangement. Prior research demonstrated cooperative sensors for measuring bioimpedances, successfully realizing a measurement reference signal, sensor synchronization, and data transfer though still relying on individual batteries to power the sensors. Subsequent research using cooperative sensors for biopotential measurements proposed a method to remove batteries from the sensors and have the central unit supply power over the two-wire bus. Building from our previous research, this paper presents the application of this method to the measurement of bioimpedances. Two different approaches are discussed, one using discrete, commercially available components, and the other with an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The initial experimental results reveal that both approaches are feasible, but the ASIC approach offers advantages for medical safety, as well as lower power consumption and a smaller size.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/5896bioimpedance imagingelectrical impedance tomography (EIT)active electrodedry electrodecooperative sensorwearables |
| spellingShingle | Olivier Chételat Michaël Rapin Benjamin Bonnal André Fivaz Benjamin Sporrer James Rosenthal Josias Wacker Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Bioimpedance Imaging Wearables Sensors bioimpedance imaging electrical impedance tomography (EIT) active electrode dry electrode cooperative sensor wearables |
| title | Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Bioimpedance Imaging Wearables |
| title_full | Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Bioimpedance Imaging Wearables |
| title_fullStr | Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Bioimpedance Imaging Wearables |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Bioimpedance Imaging Wearables |
| title_short | Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Bioimpedance Imaging Wearables |
| title_sort | remotely powered two wire cooperative sensors for bioimpedance imaging wearables |
| topic | bioimpedance imaging electrical impedance tomography (EIT) active electrode dry electrode cooperative sensor wearables |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/5896 |
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