Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Rural Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Integration in Poultry Tunnels—A Case Study in Central Italy

Livestock buildings in rural areas are increasingly recognized for their environmental impact, yet few studies provide applied, scenario-based evaluations to guide retrofit interventions. While the existing literature acknowledges the environmental burden of livestock facilities, it often lacks oper...

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Main Authors: Stefano Bigiotti, Carlo Costantino, Alessio Patriarca, Giulia Mancini, Giorgio Provolo, Fabio Recanatesi, Maria Nicolina Ripa, Alvaro Marucci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5094
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author Stefano Bigiotti
Carlo Costantino
Alessio Patriarca
Giulia Mancini
Giorgio Provolo
Fabio Recanatesi
Maria Nicolina Ripa
Alvaro Marucci
author_facet Stefano Bigiotti
Carlo Costantino
Alessio Patriarca
Giulia Mancini
Giorgio Provolo
Fabio Recanatesi
Maria Nicolina Ripa
Alvaro Marucci
author_sort Stefano Bigiotti
collection DOAJ
description Livestock buildings in rural areas are increasingly recognized for their environmental impact, yet few studies provide applied, scenario-based evaluations to guide retrofit interventions. While the existing literature acknowledges the environmental burden of livestock facilities, it often lacks operationally grounded analyses applicable to real-world agricultural contexts. This paper proposes an original integration of experimental climatic monitoring and life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate retrofit scenarios for energy efficiency in real poultry farming contexts. Based on an accurate climatic monitoring campaign conducted on-site during the spring and summer periods, relevant data were collected on air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation affecting two poultry tunnels in central Italy, highlighting the need for thermal mitigation. The comparison between the observed operational scenario and the hypothesized improved scenario, involving energy supply from photovoltaic sources, evaluated using the PVGIS tool, demonstrated a significant reduction in environmental impact, with a 33.4% decrease in global warming potential and a 26.1% reduction in energy consumption. This study combines experimental on-site climatic data collection with comparative environmental evaluation using LCA methodology. The LCA approach, which guided the entire study, highlighted how the energy efficiency gained through solar panels adequately offsets their production and maintenance costs over the long term. These findings offer a replicable model for energy retrofits in rural livestock facilities, contributing to both environmental goals and rural resilience.
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spelling doaj-art-6b79d1d6e77944f3893dac032ce7d37c2025-08-20T01:49:24ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-01159509410.3390/app15095094Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Rural Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Integration in Poultry Tunnels—A Case Study in Central ItalyStefano Bigiotti0Carlo Costantino1Alessio Patriarca2Giulia Mancini3Giorgio Provolo4Fabio Recanatesi5Maria Nicolina Ripa6Alvaro Marucci7DAFNE—Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDAFNE—Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDAFNE—Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDAFNE—Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalyDAFNE—Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDAFNE—Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDAFNE—Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyLivestock buildings in rural areas are increasingly recognized for their environmental impact, yet few studies provide applied, scenario-based evaluations to guide retrofit interventions. While the existing literature acknowledges the environmental burden of livestock facilities, it often lacks operationally grounded analyses applicable to real-world agricultural contexts. This paper proposes an original integration of experimental climatic monitoring and life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate retrofit scenarios for energy efficiency in real poultry farming contexts. Based on an accurate climatic monitoring campaign conducted on-site during the spring and summer periods, relevant data were collected on air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation affecting two poultry tunnels in central Italy, highlighting the need for thermal mitigation. The comparison between the observed operational scenario and the hypothesized improved scenario, involving energy supply from photovoltaic sources, evaluated using the PVGIS tool, demonstrated a significant reduction in environmental impact, with a 33.4% decrease in global warming potential and a 26.1% reduction in energy consumption. This study combines experimental on-site climatic data collection with comparative environmental evaluation using LCA methodology. The LCA approach, which guided the entire study, highlighted how the energy efficiency gained through solar panels adequately offsets their production and maintenance costs over the long term. These findings offer a replicable model for energy retrofits in rural livestock facilities, contributing to both environmental goals and rural resilience.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5094life cycle assessmentrenewable energyenvironmental impactenergy retrofitphotovoltaic systemsrural buildings
spellingShingle Stefano Bigiotti
Carlo Costantino
Alessio Patriarca
Giulia Mancini
Giorgio Provolo
Fabio Recanatesi
Maria Nicolina Ripa
Alvaro Marucci
Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Rural Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Integration in Poultry Tunnels—A Case Study in Central Italy
Applied Sciences
life cycle assessment
renewable energy
environmental impact
energy retrofit
photovoltaic systems
rural buildings
title Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Rural Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Integration in Poultry Tunnels—A Case Study in Central Italy
title_full Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Rural Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Integration in Poultry Tunnels—A Case Study in Central Italy
title_fullStr Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Rural Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Integration in Poultry Tunnels—A Case Study in Central Italy
title_full_unstemmed Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Rural Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Integration in Poultry Tunnels—A Case Study in Central Italy
title_short Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Rural Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Integration in Poultry Tunnels—A Case Study in Central Italy
title_sort energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in rural buildings a life cycle assessment of photovoltaic integration in poultry tunnels a case study in central italy
topic life cycle assessment
renewable energy
environmental impact
energy retrofit
photovoltaic systems
rural buildings
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5094
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