Improved marine predator MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditions

Abstract When the photovoltaic arrays are subject to partial shading (PS), their output characteristics show a multi-peak phenomenon. Under this circumstance, it will be a challenge to track the maximum power point (MPP), which impacts power generation efficiency. Therefore, achieving efficient maxi...

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Main Authors: Hanbo Zheng, Qi Du, Shuqin Mo, Tuanfa Qin, Shusheng Wang, Zhe Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06408-9
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author Hanbo Zheng
Qi Du
Shuqin Mo
Tuanfa Qin
Shusheng Wang
Zhe Li
author_facet Hanbo Zheng
Qi Du
Shuqin Mo
Tuanfa Qin
Shusheng Wang
Zhe Li
author_sort Hanbo Zheng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract When the photovoltaic arrays are subject to partial shading (PS), their output characteristics show a multi-peak phenomenon. Under this circumstance, it will be a challenge to track the maximum power point (MPP), which impacts power generation efficiency. Therefore, achieving efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic (PV) system under PS is an important element in enhancing PV system efficiency. To optimize PV array output efficiency under PS conditions, this paper investigates a MPPT algorithm for PV arrays in partial shading environments. This algorithm is optimized and improved accordingly based on the Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA). Firstly, the initial position voltage is modified, which provides a more accurate and stable basis for the subsequent calculation. Next, the mechanism of overstepping is optimized to ensure that the particles will not exceed the preset range in the search process. Then, introducing the elite population guidance mechanism and restart algorithm to speed up the tracking of the entire algorithm. Lastly, the Perturbation and Observation algorithm is added to minimize the power fluctuation and improve tracking accuracy. The improved algorithm and the original algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, and incremental conductance method are embedded in the model of the PV system for the simulation of maximum power point tracking, respectively. Experiments show that the tracking time of the improved algorithm is improved by 32.6%, 76.5%, and 50% compared to the original algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, and incremental conductance method, respectively, under uniform illumination. Under dynamic irradiance conditions, the proposed algorithm has a tracking efficiency of up to 99.95%, which is over 15% higher than the comparison algorithm. The outcomes reveal that the improved algorithm is faster and more efficient in tracking compared to the other three algorithms.
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spelling doaj-art-6b76270bed324e4b95da946d2b413ed62025-08-20T03:03:42ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-06408-9Improved marine predator MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditionsHanbo Zheng0Qi Du1Shuqin Mo2Tuanfa Qin3Shusheng Wang4Zhe Li5Guangxi Key Laboratory of Power System Optimization and Energy Technology, Guangxi UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of Power System Optimization and Energy Technology, Guangxi UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of Power System Optimization and Energy Technology, Guangxi UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of Power System Optimization and Energy Technology, Guangxi UniversityChina Water Northeastern Investigation Design & Research CO., LTD.China Water Northeastern Investigation Design & Research CO., LTD.Abstract When the photovoltaic arrays are subject to partial shading (PS), their output characteristics show a multi-peak phenomenon. Under this circumstance, it will be a challenge to track the maximum power point (MPP), which impacts power generation efficiency. Therefore, achieving efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic (PV) system under PS is an important element in enhancing PV system efficiency. To optimize PV array output efficiency under PS conditions, this paper investigates a MPPT algorithm for PV arrays in partial shading environments. This algorithm is optimized and improved accordingly based on the Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA). Firstly, the initial position voltage is modified, which provides a more accurate and stable basis for the subsequent calculation. Next, the mechanism of overstepping is optimized to ensure that the particles will not exceed the preset range in the search process. Then, introducing the elite population guidance mechanism and restart algorithm to speed up the tracking of the entire algorithm. Lastly, the Perturbation and Observation algorithm is added to minimize the power fluctuation and improve tracking accuracy. The improved algorithm and the original algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, and incremental conductance method are embedded in the model of the PV system for the simulation of maximum power point tracking, respectively. Experiments show that the tracking time of the improved algorithm is improved by 32.6%, 76.5%, and 50% compared to the original algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, and incremental conductance method, respectively, under uniform illumination. Under dynamic irradiance conditions, the proposed algorithm has a tracking efficiency of up to 99.95%, which is over 15% higher than the comparison algorithm. The outcomes reveal that the improved algorithm is faster and more efficient in tracking compared to the other three algorithms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06408-9Photovoltaic systemMaximum photovoltaic power trackingLocal shadingMarine predator algorithm
spellingShingle Hanbo Zheng
Qi Du
Shuqin Mo
Tuanfa Qin
Shusheng Wang
Zhe Li
Improved marine predator MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditions
Scientific Reports
Photovoltaic system
Maximum photovoltaic power tracking
Local shading
Marine predator algorithm
title Improved marine predator MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditions
title_full Improved marine predator MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditions
title_fullStr Improved marine predator MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditions
title_full_unstemmed Improved marine predator MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditions
title_short Improved marine predator MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditions
title_sort improved marine predator mppt algorithm for photovoltaic systems in partial shading conditions
topic Photovoltaic system
Maximum photovoltaic power tracking
Local shading
Marine predator algorithm
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06408-9
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AT shuqinmo improvedmarinepredatormpptalgorithmforphotovoltaicsystemsinpartialshadingconditions
AT tuanfaqin improvedmarinepredatormpptalgorithmforphotovoltaicsystemsinpartialshadingconditions
AT shushengwang improvedmarinepredatormpptalgorithmforphotovoltaicsystemsinpartialshadingconditions
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