Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge with approximately 38 million people currently having the virus worldwide. Despite advances in treatment development, the virus persists in the human population and still leads to new infections. The virus has a powerfu...

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Main Author: Daniel Josef Lindegger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-07-01
Series:Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/12/3/33
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author Daniel Josef Lindegger
author_facet Daniel Josef Lindegger
author_sort Daniel Josef Lindegger
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description Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge with approximately 38 million people currently having the virus worldwide. Despite advances in treatment development, the virus persists in the human population and still leads to new infections. The virus has a powerful ability to mutate and hide from the human immune system in reservoirs of the body. Current standard treatment with antiretroviral therapy effectively controls viral replication but requires lifelong adherence and does not eradicate the virus. This review explores the potential of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as novel therapeutic approaches to HIV, including cell therapy, immunisation strategies and gene therapy. Cell therapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, shows promise in preclinical studies for targeting and eliminating HIV-infected cells. Immunisation therapies, such as broadly neutralising antibodies are being investigated to control viral replication and reduce reservoirs. Despite setbacks in recent trials, vaccines remain a promising avenue for HIV therapy development. Gene therapy using technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 aims to modify cells to resist HIV infection or eliminate infected cells. Challenges such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency and ethical considerations persist in gene therapy for HIV. Future directions require further research to assess the safety and efficacy of emerging therapies in clinical trials. Combined approaches may be necessary to achieve complete elimination of the HIV reservoir. Overall, advanced therapies offer new hope for advancing HIV treatment and moving closer to a cure.
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spelling doaj-art-6b74fc5a4ea84799b042ade72f92a17f2025-08-20T01:55:40ZengMDPI AGMedical Sciences2076-32712024-07-011233310.3390/medsci12030033Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency VirusDaniel Josef Lindegger0Independent Researcher, 6000 Lucerne, SwitzerlandHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge with approximately 38 million people currently having the virus worldwide. Despite advances in treatment development, the virus persists in the human population and still leads to new infections. The virus has a powerful ability to mutate and hide from the human immune system in reservoirs of the body. Current standard treatment with antiretroviral therapy effectively controls viral replication but requires lifelong adherence and does not eradicate the virus. This review explores the potential of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as novel therapeutic approaches to HIV, including cell therapy, immunisation strategies and gene therapy. Cell therapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, shows promise in preclinical studies for targeting and eliminating HIV-infected cells. Immunisation therapies, such as broadly neutralising antibodies are being investigated to control viral replication and reduce reservoirs. Despite setbacks in recent trials, vaccines remain a promising avenue for HIV therapy development. Gene therapy using technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 aims to modify cells to resist HIV infection or eliminate infected cells. Challenges such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency and ethical considerations persist in gene therapy for HIV. Future directions require further research to assess the safety and efficacy of emerging therapies in clinical trials. Combined approaches may be necessary to achieve complete elimination of the HIV reservoir. Overall, advanced therapies offer new hope for advancing HIV treatment and moving closer to a cure.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/12/3/33advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP)cell therapygene therapyhuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)trialsvaccines
spellingShingle Daniel Josef Lindegger
Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Medical Sciences
advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP)
cell therapy
gene therapy
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
trials
vaccines
title Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_full Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_fullStr Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_full_unstemmed Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_short Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_sort advanced therapies for human immunodeficiency virus
topic advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP)
cell therapy
gene therapy
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
trials
vaccines
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/12/3/33
work_keys_str_mv AT danieljoseflindegger advancedtherapiesforhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus