COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomes

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, left widespread impacts worldwide. In Brazil, immunization reduced incidence rates. However, six months later, waning neutralizing antibody titers and new immune-evading variants increased cases, resulting in recurring waves. This study evaluated hospitalize...

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Main Authors: Laura Holtman-Ferreira, Elessandra de Souza Bitencourt, Betina Mendez de Alcantara Gabardo, Susanne Edinger Pereira, Francine Teixeira, Diego da Silva Magatão, Vitor Loureiro Dias, Ricardo Petterle, Meri Bordignon Nogueira, Sonia Mara Raboni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867025000406
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author Laura Holtman-Ferreira
Elessandra de Souza Bitencourt
Betina Mendez de Alcantara Gabardo
Susanne Edinger Pereira
Francine Teixeira
Diego da Silva Magatão
Vitor Loureiro Dias
Ricardo Petterle
Meri Bordignon Nogueira
Sonia Mara Raboni
author_facet Laura Holtman-Ferreira
Elessandra de Souza Bitencourt
Betina Mendez de Alcantara Gabardo
Susanne Edinger Pereira
Francine Teixeira
Diego da Silva Magatão
Vitor Loureiro Dias
Ricardo Petterle
Meri Bordignon Nogueira
Sonia Mara Raboni
author_sort Laura Holtman-Ferreira
collection DOAJ
description COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, left widespread impacts worldwide. In Brazil, immunization reduced incidence rates. However, six months later, waning neutralizing antibody titers and new immune-evading variants increased cases, resulting in recurring waves. This study evaluated hospitalized COVID-19 patients after the vaccination rollout, comparing the clinical outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Positive samples underwent nucleotide sequencing. A total of 218 patients were included; 202 (92 %) had vaccination data, 98 received at least one dose, and 64 completed the vaccination schedule, predominantly with CoronaVac®. Vaccinated individuals were older on average since the campaign was primarily conducted among the elderly. The Gamma variant predominated during the study period. While not statistically significant, trends indicated greater respiratory assistance needs, more extended hospital stays, and increased ICU time among unvaccinated patients. Mortality was 45 % in vaccinated and 37 % in unvaccinated groups, with no notable difference. However, patients with a complete vaccination schedule showed a higher chance of survival, though not significant (p = 0.11). The factors significantly associated with higher mortality were older patients, those requiring vasopressor drugs, and mechanical ventilation. These findings provide clinical, epidemiological, and phylogenetic insights into COVID-19 patients during vaccination implementation. They underscore the need to evaluate vaccine effectiveness against circulating variants and highlight the importance of complete vaccination schedules for improving patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-6b6f97db0bda48b5b1e1879e2b8f6ccb2025-08-20T02:31:56ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases1413-86702025-05-0129310453710.1016/j.bjid.2025.104537COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomesLaura Holtman-Ferreira0Elessandra de Souza Bitencourt1Betina Mendez de Alcantara Gabardo2Susanne Edinger Pereira3Francine Teixeira4Diego da Silva Magatão5Vitor Loureiro Dias6Ricardo Petterle7Meri Bordignon Nogueira8Sonia Mara Raboni9Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa da Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa da Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Unidade de Pneumologia, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Medicina Integrativa, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa da Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Complexo Hospital das Clínicas, Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Corresponding author.COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, left widespread impacts worldwide. In Brazil, immunization reduced incidence rates. However, six months later, waning neutralizing antibody titers and new immune-evading variants increased cases, resulting in recurring waves. This study evaluated hospitalized COVID-19 patients after the vaccination rollout, comparing the clinical outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Positive samples underwent nucleotide sequencing. A total of 218 patients were included; 202 (92 %) had vaccination data, 98 received at least one dose, and 64 completed the vaccination schedule, predominantly with CoronaVac®. Vaccinated individuals were older on average since the campaign was primarily conducted among the elderly. The Gamma variant predominated during the study period. While not statistically significant, trends indicated greater respiratory assistance needs, more extended hospital stays, and increased ICU time among unvaccinated patients. Mortality was 45 % in vaccinated and 37 % in unvaccinated groups, with no notable difference. However, patients with a complete vaccination schedule showed a higher chance of survival, though not significant (p = 0.11). The factors significantly associated with higher mortality were older patients, those requiring vasopressor drugs, and mechanical ventilation. These findings provide clinical, epidemiological, and phylogenetic insights into COVID-19 patients during vaccination implementation. They underscore the need to evaluate vaccine effectiveness against circulating variants and highlight the importance of complete vaccination schedules for improving patient outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867025000406SARS-CoV-2VaccineImmune responseImmunizationPublic healthPandemic
spellingShingle Laura Holtman-Ferreira
Elessandra de Souza Bitencourt
Betina Mendez de Alcantara Gabardo
Susanne Edinger Pereira
Francine Teixeira
Diego da Silva Magatão
Vitor Loureiro Dias
Ricardo Petterle
Meri Bordignon Nogueira
Sonia Mara Raboni
COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomes
Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccine
Immune response
Immunization
Public health
Pandemic
title COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomes
title_full COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomes
title_fullStr COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomes
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomes
title_short COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomes
title_sort covid 19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non vaccinated patients clinical profile and outcomes
topic SARS-CoV-2
Vaccine
Immune response
Immunization
Public health
Pandemic
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867025000406
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