Infinity war: Trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune response
Trichomonas vaginalis is the pathological agent of human trichomonia-sis. The incidence is 156 million cases worldwide. Due to the increasing resistance of isolates to approved drugs and clinical complications that include increased risk in the acquisition and transmission of HIV, cervi-cal and pros...
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| Format: | Article |
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Shared Science Publishers OG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microbial Cell |
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| Online Access: | http://microbialcell.com/researcharticles/2023a-bongiorni-galego-microbial-cell/ |
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| author | Giulia Bongiorni Galego Tiana Tasca |
| author_facet | Giulia Bongiorni Galego Tiana Tasca |
| author_sort | Giulia Bongiorni Galego |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trichomonas vaginalis is the pathological agent of human trichomonia-sis. The incidence is 156 million cases worldwide. Due to the increasing resistance of isolates to approved drugs and clinical complications that include increased risk in the acquisition and transmission of HIV, cervi-cal and prostate cancer, and adverse outcomes during pregnancy, in-creasing our understanding of the pathogen’s interaction with the host immune response is essential. Production of cytokines and cells of in-nate immunity: Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells in-volved in the fight against the parasite, while IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α are the most produced cytokines in response to this infection. Clinical complications: T. vaginalis increases the acquisition of HIV, stimulates the invasiveness and growth of prostate cells, and generates an in-flammatory environment that may lead to preterm birth. Endosymbi-osis: Mycoplasma hominis increased cytotoxicity, growth, and survival rate of the parasite. Purinergic signaling: NTPD-ases and ecto-5’-nucleotidase helps in parasite survival by modulating the nucleotides levels in the microenvironment. Antibodies: IgG was detected in se-rum samples of rodents infected with isolates from symptomatic pa-tients as well as patients with symptoms. However, antibody produc-tion does not protect against a reinfection. Vaccine candidate targets: The transient receptor potential- like channel of T. vaginalis (TvTRPV), cysteine peptidase, and α-actinin are currently cited as candidate tar-gets for vaccine development. In this context, the understanding of mechanisms involved in the host-T. vaginalis interaction that elicit the immune response may contribute to the development of new targets to combat trichomoniasis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b64562b162e450bb20c4d27cac2d35d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2311-2638 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Shared Science Publishers OG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbial Cell |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b64562b162e450bb20c4d27cac2d35d2025-08-20T02:52:38ZengShared Science Publishers OGMicrobial Cell2311-26382023-03-0110510311610.15698/mic2023.05.796Infinity war: Trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune responseGiulia Bongiorni Galego0Tiana Tasca1Grupo de Pesquisa em Tricomonas, Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Grupo de Pesquisa em Tricomonas, Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Trichomonas vaginalis is the pathological agent of human trichomonia-sis. The incidence is 156 million cases worldwide. Due to the increasing resistance of isolates to approved drugs and clinical complications that include increased risk in the acquisition and transmission of HIV, cervi-cal and prostate cancer, and adverse outcomes during pregnancy, in-creasing our understanding of the pathogen’s interaction with the host immune response is essential. Production of cytokines and cells of in-nate immunity: Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells in-volved in the fight against the parasite, while IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α are the most produced cytokines in response to this infection. Clinical complications: T. vaginalis increases the acquisition of HIV, stimulates the invasiveness and growth of prostate cells, and generates an in-flammatory environment that may lead to preterm birth. Endosymbi-osis: Mycoplasma hominis increased cytotoxicity, growth, and survival rate of the parasite. Purinergic signaling: NTPD-ases and ecto-5’-nucleotidase helps in parasite survival by modulating the nucleotides levels in the microenvironment. Antibodies: IgG was detected in se-rum samples of rodents infected with isolates from symptomatic pa-tients as well as patients with symptoms. However, antibody produc-tion does not protect against a reinfection. Vaccine candidate targets: The transient receptor potential- like channel of T. vaginalis (TvTRPV), cysteine peptidase, and α-actinin are currently cited as candidate tar-gets for vaccine development. In this context, the understanding of mechanisms involved in the host-T. vaginalis interaction that elicit the immune response may contribute to the development of new targets to combat trichomoniasis.http://microbialcell.com/researcharticles/2023a-bongiorni-galego-microbial-cell/trichomoniasistrichomonas vaginalisimmune responseinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Bongiorni Galego Tiana Tasca Infinity war: Trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune response Microbial Cell trichomoniasis trichomonas vaginalis immune response inflammation |
| title | Infinity war: Trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune response |
| title_full | Infinity war: Trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune response |
| title_fullStr | Infinity war: Trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infinity war: Trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune response |
| title_short | Infinity war: Trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune response |
| title_sort | infinity war trichomonas vaginalis and interactions with host immune response |
| topic | trichomoniasis trichomonas vaginalis immune response inflammation |
| url | http://microbialcell.com/researcharticles/2023a-bongiorni-galego-microbial-cell/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giuliabongiornigalego infinitywartrichomonasvaginalisandinteractionswithhostimmuneresponse AT tianatasca infinitywartrichomonasvaginalisandinteractionswithhostimmuneresponse |