A novel TID + IDN controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power system
Abstract Implementing a suitable load frequency controller to maintain the power balance equation for a multi-area system with many power generating units poses a challenge to a power system engineer. Incorporation of renewable energy sources along with non-renewable units is another challenge while...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89237-0 |
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| author | Geetanjali Dei Deepak Kumar Gupta Binod Kumar Sahu Mohit Bajaj Vojtech Blazek Lukas Prokop |
| author_facet | Geetanjali Dei Deepak Kumar Gupta Binod Kumar Sahu Mohit Bajaj Vojtech Blazek Lukas Prokop |
| author_sort | Geetanjali Dei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Implementing a suitable load frequency controller to maintain the power balance equation for a multi-area system with many power generating units poses a challenge to a power system engineer. Incorporation of renewable energy sources along with non-renewable units is another challenge while maintaining the stability of the system. Hence a robust intelligent controller is an essential requirement to achieve the objective of automatic load frequency control. This article introduces a novel and efficient controller designed for a three-control area within a deregulated multi-source energy system. The three areas include diverse power generation sources: Area 1 integrates thermal units, hydro units, and solar thermal power plants. In Area 2, there is a combination of distributed solar technology (DST) with thermal and hydro units. Area 3 incorporates a geothermal power plant alongside thermal and hydro unit. The proposed controller is a parallel combination of the tilted integral derivative controller (TID) and the integral derivative with a first-order filter effect (IDN). The controller’s parameters are optimized using an advanced Coatis Optimization Algorithm (COA). High effective efficiency and absence of control parameters are the key advantages of Coatis Optimization Algorithm. The article highlights the superior performance of the newly developed TID + IDN controller in comparison to standalone TID and IDN controllers. This assessment is based on the observation of dynamic responses across different controller configurations. Additionally, the study examines the system’s behaviour when incorporating energy storage units such as Redox Flow Batteries (RFB). Furthermore, the research investigates the system under various power transactions in a deregulated environment, considering generation rate constraints and governor dead bands. The proposed approach’s robustness is demonstrated by subjecting it to extensive variations in system parameters and random load fluctuations. In summary, this paper presents an innovative TID + IDN controller optimized using a novel Coatis Optimization Algorithm within a three-area hybrid system operating in a deregulated context. Considering the poolco transaction and implementing the COA optimized TID + IDN controller with an error margin of 0.02%, the value of the objective function, ITAE for the transient responses is 0.1233. This value is less than the value obtained in other controllers optimized with different optimization techniques. In case of poolco transaction, the settling time of deviation of frequency in area-1, deviation of frequency in area-2, and deviation of frequency in area-3 are 8.129, 3.72, and 2.254 respectively. As compared to other controllers, the transient parameters are better in case of this proposed controller. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b5249f572254a1ebb19fe852a0a7680 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6b5249f572254a1ebb19fe852a0a76802025-02-09T12:30:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115113110.1038/s41598-025-89237-0A novel TID + IDN controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power systemGeetanjali Dei0Deepak Kumar Gupta1Binod Kumar Sahu2Mohit Bajaj3Vojtech Blazek4Lukas Prokop5School of Electrical Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial TechnologySchool of Electrical Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)ENET Centre, CEET, VSB-Technical University of OstravaENET Centre, CEET, VSB-Technical University of OstravaAbstract Implementing a suitable load frequency controller to maintain the power balance equation for a multi-area system with many power generating units poses a challenge to a power system engineer. Incorporation of renewable energy sources along with non-renewable units is another challenge while maintaining the stability of the system. Hence a robust intelligent controller is an essential requirement to achieve the objective of automatic load frequency control. This article introduces a novel and efficient controller designed for a three-control area within a deregulated multi-source energy system. The three areas include diverse power generation sources: Area 1 integrates thermal units, hydro units, and solar thermal power plants. In Area 2, there is a combination of distributed solar technology (DST) with thermal and hydro units. Area 3 incorporates a geothermal power plant alongside thermal and hydro unit. The proposed controller is a parallel combination of the tilted integral derivative controller (TID) and the integral derivative with a first-order filter effect (IDN). The controller’s parameters are optimized using an advanced Coatis Optimization Algorithm (COA). High effective efficiency and absence of control parameters are the key advantages of Coatis Optimization Algorithm. The article highlights the superior performance of the newly developed TID + IDN controller in comparison to standalone TID and IDN controllers. This assessment is based on the observation of dynamic responses across different controller configurations. Additionally, the study examines the system’s behaviour when incorporating energy storage units such as Redox Flow Batteries (RFB). Furthermore, the research investigates the system under various power transactions in a deregulated environment, considering generation rate constraints and governor dead bands. The proposed approach’s robustness is demonstrated by subjecting it to extensive variations in system parameters and random load fluctuations. In summary, this paper presents an innovative TID + IDN controller optimized using a novel Coatis Optimization Algorithm within a three-area hybrid system operating in a deregulated context. Considering the poolco transaction and implementing the COA optimized TID + IDN controller with an error margin of 0.02%, the value of the objective function, ITAE for the transient responses is 0.1233. This value is less than the value obtained in other controllers optimized with different optimization techniques. In case of poolco transaction, the settling time of deviation of frequency in area-1, deviation of frequency in area-2, and deviation of frequency in area-3 are 8.129, 3.72, and 2.254 respectively. As compared to other controllers, the transient parameters are better in case of this proposed controller.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89237-0Improved squirrel search algorithm (ISSA)Squirrel search algorithm (SSA)Integral time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE)Load frequency control (LFC)Particle swarm optimization (PSO)PID |
| spellingShingle | Geetanjali Dei Deepak Kumar Gupta Binod Kumar Sahu Mohit Bajaj Vojtech Blazek Lukas Prokop A novel TID + IDN controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power system Scientific Reports Improved squirrel search algorithm (ISSA) Squirrel search algorithm (SSA) Integral time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE) Load frequency control (LFC) Particle swarm optimization (PSO) PID |
| title | A novel TID + IDN controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power system |
| title_full | A novel TID + IDN controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power system |
| title_fullStr | A novel TID + IDN controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power system |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel TID + IDN controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power system |
| title_short | A novel TID + IDN controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power system |
| title_sort | novel tid idn controller tuned with coatis optimization algorithm under deregulated hybrid power system |
| topic | Improved squirrel search algorithm (ISSA) Squirrel search algorithm (SSA) Integral time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE) Load frequency control (LFC) Particle swarm optimization (PSO) PID |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89237-0 |
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