Healthy Cardiovascular Status Attenuates the Detrimental Association Between Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort Study

Background Body composition abnormalities are associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease‐related dementia (ADRD). However, the specific link between osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA), cardiovascular health (CVH), and ADRD is underexplored. This study examined the association between OSA and...

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Main Authors: Wenxu Wang, Rui Ren, Honghao Yang, Jinguo Jiang, Xingyue Ye, Chenying Wang, Xiang Ji, Wen Li, Yuhong Zhao, Yang Xia, Difei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.041697
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author Wenxu Wang
Rui Ren
Honghao Yang
Jinguo Jiang
Xingyue Ye
Chenying Wang
Xiang Ji
Wen Li
Yuhong Zhao
Yang Xia
Difei Wang
author_facet Wenxu Wang
Rui Ren
Honghao Yang
Jinguo Jiang
Xingyue Ye
Chenying Wang
Xiang Ji
Wen Li
Yuhong Zhao
Yang Xia
Difei Wang
author_sort Wenxu Wang
collection DOAJ
description Background Body composition abnormalities are associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease‐related dementia (ADRD). However, the specific link between osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA), cardiovascular health (CVH), and ADRD is underexplored. This study examined the association between OSA and ADRD to determine whether optimal CVH could modify this association. Methods We analyzed data from 152 028 UK Biobank participants. OSA‐related body composition abnormalities include low bone mineral density, low muscle mass/grip strength, and high body fat percentage. CVH was assessed using the Life's Essential 8 questionnaire. High and low CVH corresponded to the lowest and highest cardiovascular disease risks, respectively. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for ADRD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. A secondary analysis included 14 750 participants with brain magnetic resonance imaging data to explore the role of brain structure in the association between OSA and the incidence of ADRD. Results After a median follow‐up of 14.1 years, 2628 participants (1.73%) developed ADRD. Compared with participants with no body composition abnormalities, the adjusted HRs for ADRD risk for those with 1, 2, and 3 abnormalities were 1.04 (95% CI, 0.95–1.14), 1.17 (95% CI, 1.04–1.31), and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.11–1.92), respectively. We found a significant addictive interaction between CVH and abnormal body components, with a relative excess risk due to interaction (95% CI) of −1.34 (95% CI, −2.11 to −0.57). Gray matter in the hippocampus could mediate these associations, with a mediation proportion of 17.3% (P < 0.001). Conclusions OSA components are positively associated with the risk of ADRD. Maintaining optimal CVH status may mitigate ADRD risk in individuals with OSA.
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series Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
spelling doaj-art-6b4a21c72f7243f5bb665c1d70f7bb0a2025-08-20T03:31:11ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-06-01141110.1161/JAHA.125.041697Healthy Cardiovascular Status Attenuates the Detrimental Association Between Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort StudyWenxu Wang0Rui Ren1Honghao Yang2Jinguo Jiang3Xingyue Ye4Chenying Wang5Xiang Ji6Wen Li7Yuhong Zhao8Yang Xia9Difei Wang10Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Health Statistics, School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Health Statistics, School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang ChinaSchool of Public Health Shenyang Medical College Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatrics Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang ChinaBackground Body composition abnormalities are associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease‐related dementia (ADRD). However, the specific link between osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA), cardiovascular health (CVH), and ADRD is underexplored. This study examined the association between OSA and ADRD to determine whether optimal CVH could modify this association. Methods We analyzed data from 152 028 UK Biobank participants. OSA‐related body composition abnormalities include low bone mineral density, low muscle mass/grip strength, and high body fat percentage. CVH was assessed using the Life's Essential 8 questionnaire. High and low CVH corresponded to the lowest and highest cardiovascular disease risks, respectively. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for ADRD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. A secondary analysis included 14 750 participants with brain magnetic resonance imaging data to explore the role of brain structure in the association between OSA and the incidence of ADRD. Results After a median follow‐up of 14.1 years, 2628 participants (1.73%) developed ADRD. Compared with participants with no body composition abnormalities, the adjusted HRs for ADRD risk for those with 1, 2, and 3 abnormalities were 1.04 (95% CI, 0.95–1.14), 1.17 (95% CI, 1.04–1.31), and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.11–1.92), respectively. We found a significant addictive interaction between CVH and abnormal body components, with a relative excess risk due to interaction (95% CI) of −1.34 (95% CI, −2.11 to −0.57). Gray matter in the hippocampus could mediate these associations, with a mediation proportion of 17.3% (P < 0.001). Conclusions OSA components are positively associated with the risk of ADRD. Maintaining optimal CVH status may mitigate ADRD risk in individuals with OSA.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.041697Alzheimer's disease‐related dementiacardiovascular healthdementiaLife's essential 8osteosarcopenic adiposity
spellingShingle Wenxu Wang
Rui Ren
Honghao Yang
Jinguo Jiang
Xingyue Ye
Chenying Wang
Xiang Ji
Wen Li
Yuhong Zhao
Yang Xia
Difei Wang
Healthy Cardiovascular Status Attenuates the Detrimental Association Between Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
Alzheimer's disease‐related dementia
cardiovascular health
dementia
Life's essential 8
osteosarcopenic adiposity
title Healthy Cardiovascular Status Attenuates the Detrimental Association Between Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
title_full Healthy Cardiovascular Status Attenuates the Detrimental Association Between Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
title_fullStr Healthy Cardiovascular Status Attenuates the Detrimental Association Between Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Healthy Cardiovascular Status Attenuates the Detrimental Association Between Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
title_short Healthy Cardiovascular Status Attenuates the Detrimental Association Between Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
title_sort healthy cardiovascular status attenuates the detrimental association between osteosarcopenic adiposity and alzheimer s disease related dementia a uk biobank cohort study
topic Alzheimer's disease‐related dementia
cardiovascular health
dementia
Life's essential 8
osteosarcopenic adiposity
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.041697
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