Quadruple-<i>Q</i> Skyrmion Crystal in Centrosymmetric Body-Centered Tetragonal Magnets

We conduct a numerical investigation into the stability of a quadruple-<i>Q</i> skyrmion crystal, a structure generated by the superposition of four spin density waves traveling in distinct directions within three-dimensional space, hosted on a centrosymmetric body-centered tetragonal la...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Satoru Hayami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Magnetism
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8724/5/1/2
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Summary:We conduct a numerical investigation into the stability of a quadruple-<i>Q</i> skyrmion crystal, a structure generated by the superposition of four spin density waves traveling in distinct directions within three-dimensional space, hosted on a centrosymmetric body-centered tetragonal lattice. Using simulated annealing applied to an effective spin model that includes momentum-resolved bilinear and biquadratic interactions, we construct a magnetic phase diagram spanning a broad range of model parameters. Our study finds that a quadruple-<i>Q</i> skyrmion crystal does not emerge within the phase diagram when varying the biquadratic interaction and external magnetic field. Instead, three distinct quadruple-<i>Q</i> states with topologically trivial spin textures are stabilized. However, we demonstrate that the quadruple-<i>Q</i> skyrmion crystal can become the ground state when an additional high-harmonic wave–vector interaction is considered. Depending on the magnitude of this interaction, we obtain two types of quadruple-<i>Q</i> skyrmion crystals exhibiting the skyrmion numbers of one and two. These findings highlight the emergence of diverse three-dimensional multiple-<i>Q</i> spin states in centrosymmetric body-centered tetragonal magnets.
ISSN:2673-8724