Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective
Polymorphism – the ability of a compound to exist in multiple crystalline forms – needs to be carefully considered in the design of functional materials, particularly in the context of cocrystallization. Tyramine, a biogenic amine, is a promising candidate for polymorph exploration due to its confor...
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International Union of Crystallography
2025-05-01
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| Series: | IUCrJ |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.iucr.org/paper?S2052252525002210 |
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| author | Szymon Grabowski Klaudia Nowakowska Helena Butkiewicz Anna Hoser Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska Tomasz Seidler Paulina Moskal Marlena Gryl |
| author_facet | Szymon Grabowski Klaudia Nowakowska Helena Butkiewicz Anna Hoser Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska Tomasz Seidler Paulina Moskal Marlena Gryl |
| author_sort | Szymon Grabowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polymorphism – the ability of a compound to exist in multiple crystalline forms – needs to be carefully considered in the design of functional materials, particularly in the context of cocrystallization. Tyramine, a biogenic amine, is a promising candidate for polymorph exploration due to its conformational flexibility and ability to form salts. In this study, we investigate the crystallization of tyramine polymorphs using additives and microwave-assisted techniques. Our findings reveal the formation of a new tyramine polymorph and two distinct salts, highlighting the impact of microwave radiation and additive-driven crystallization on polymorph stability and molecular encapsulation. The study demonstrates that the triclinic tyramine polymorph (T2) is thermodynamically more stable due to its lower electronic energy, whereas the monoclinic form (T1) features slightly stronger intermolecular interactions. Over time, in solution, crystals of barbital–tyramine salts (C1 and C2) begin to form, providing an opportunity to assess structural evolution. Optical properties calculations show significant maximum linear birefringence values (0.164 and 0.255) for two polymorphs of tyramine, whereas for C1, this value decreases to 0.095. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b013bd55bfb4ac8941d96835eec2ee2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2052-2525 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | International Union of Crystallography |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IUCrJ |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b013bd55bfb4ac8941d96835eec2ee22025-08-20T02:55:58ZengInternational Union of CrystallographyIUCrJ2052-25252025-05-0112340341610.1107/S2052252525002210pen5003Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspectiveSzymon Grabowski0Klaudia Nowakowska1Helena Butkiewicz2Anna Hoser3Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska4Tomasz Seidler5Paulina Moskal6Marlena Gryl7Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, PolandBiological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, PolandBiological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, PolandPolymorphism – the ability of a compound to exist in multiple crystalline forms – needs to be carefully considered in the design of functional materials, particularly in the context of cocrystallization. Tyramine, a biogenic amine, is a promising candidate for polymorph exploration due to its conformational flexibility and ability to form salts. In this study, we investigate the crystallization of tyramine polymorphs using additives and microwave-assisted techniques. Our findings reveal the formation of a new tyramine polymorph and two distinct salts, highlighting the impact of microwave radiation and additive-driven crystallization on polymorph stability and molecular encapsulation. The study demonstrates that the triclinic tyramine polymorph (T2) is thermodynamically more stable due to its lower electronic energy, whereas the monoclinic form (T1) features slightly stronger intermolecular interactions. Over time, in solution, crystals of barbital–tyramine salts (C1 and C2) begin to form, providing an opportunity to assess structural evolution. Optical properties calculations show significant maximum linear birefringence values (0.164 and 0.255) for two polymorphs of tyramine, whereas for C1, this value decreases to 0.095.https://journals.iucr.org/paper?S2052252525002210tyraminepolymorphismmicrowave cocrystallizationelectron density studiesoptical properties |
| spellingShingle | Szymon Grabowski Klaudia Nowakowska Helena Butkiewicz Anna Hoser Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska Tomasz Seidler Paulina Moskal Marlena Gryl Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective IUCrJ tyramine polymorphism microwave cocrystallization electron density studies optical properties |
| title | Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective |
| title_full | Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective |
| title_fullStr | Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective |
| title_short | Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective |
| title_sort | additive driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts a quantum crystallography perspective |
| topic | tyramine polymorphism microwave cocrystallization electron density studies optical properties |
| url | https://journals.iucr.org/paper?S2052252525002210 |
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