Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) with preeclampsia: a study based on restricted cubic spline

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the nonlinear associations between prepregnancy body mass index(BMI), gestational weight gain(GWG), and the risk of preeclampsia(PE) using maternal and infant cohort data, thereby providing a scientific foundation for preventive strategies. Methods Pre...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Luhan Zhang, Juan Ding, Jiangli Liu, Jing Ma, Rui Shi, Tian Chen, Guifeng Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07449-8
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850208115970015232
author Luhan Zhang
Juan Ding
Jiangli Liu
Jing Ma
Rui Shi
Tian Chen
Guifeng Ding
author_facet Luhan Zhang
Juan Ding
Jiangli Liu
Jing Ma
Rui Shi
Tian Chen
Guifeng Ding
author_sort Luhan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the nonlinear associations between prepregnancy body mass index(BMI), gestational weight gain(GWG), and the risk of preeclampsia(PE) using maternal and infant cohort data, thereby providing a scientific foundation for preventive strategies. Methods Pregnant women with regular obstetric checkups in Urumqi Youai Hospital were selected as study subjects from January 2020 to June 2024. They were divided into the PE group and the non-PE group. Baseline information and pregnancy outcomes were collected, and logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the impacts of diverse factors on the odds of developing PE; the restricted cubic spline was used to test the nonlinear relationship between prepregnancy BMI and GWG with PE. Results 13,294 pregnant women were included in the study, and 559 (4.20%) had PE.The prevalence of PE in underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese women was 1.72%, 2.85%, 6.60%, and 16.05%, respectively. However, after adjusting for confounders, only overweight and obesity were significantly associated with elevated PE odds. Logistic regression results showed that the OR was 1.68(95% CI:1.30–2.18) for the comparison between overweight and normal BMI groups, the OR was 3.16(95%CI:2.08–4.79) for the comparison between obesity and normal BMI groups. Restricted cubic spline showed that the association between prepregnancy BMI and the odds of PE showed an inverse L-shaped curve, with an inflection point of 21.5 kg/m2; the association between GWG and the odds of PE showed a J-shaped curve, with a GWG of 10.94–15.90 kg being at the lowest odds for the development of PE. For pregnant women with prepregnancy underweight, the odds of PE were significantly increased when their GWG exceeded 21.63 kg. Similarly, for those with prepregnancy normal weight, a significant elevation in the odds of PE was observed when their GWG surpassed 15.90 kg. Conclusion There is a non-linear relationship between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and PE, and prepregnancy weight management and gestational weight monitoring are important for the prevention of PE.
format Article
id doaj-art-6af1dc4cb5e34678b43a27a31bde8619
institution OA Journals
issn 1471-2393
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
spelling doaj-art-6af1dc4cb5e34678b43a27a31bde86192025-08-20T02:10:19ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-03-012511810.1186/s12884-025-07449-8Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) with preeclampsia: a study based on restricted cubic splineLuhan Zhang0Juan Ding1Jiangli Liu2Jing Ma3Rui Shi4Tian Chen5Guifeng Ding6Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health HospitalXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health HospitalXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health HospitalXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health HospitalXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health HospitalXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health HospitalXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health HospitalAbstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the nonlinear associations between prepregnancy body mass index(BMI), gestational weight gain(GWG), and the risk of preeclampsia(PE) using maternal and infant cohort data, thereby providing a scientific foundation for preventive strategies. Methods Pregnant women with regular obstetric checkups in Urumqi Youai Hospital were selected as study subjects from January 2020 to June 2024. They were divided into the PE group and the non-PE group. Baseline information and pregnancy outcomes were collected, and logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the impacts of diverse factors on the odds of developing PE; the restricted cubic spline was used to test the nonlinear relationship between prepregnancy BMI and GWG with PE. Results 13,294 pregnant women were included in the study, and 559 (4.20%) had PE.The prevalence of PE in underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese women was 1.72%, 2.85%, 6.60%, and 16.05%, respectively. However, after adjusting for confounders, only overweight and obesity were significantly associated with elevated PE odds. Logistic regression results showed that the OR was 1.68(95% CI:1.30–2.18) for the comparison between overweight and normal BMI groups, the OR was 3.16(95%CI:2.08–4.79) for the comparison between obesity and normal BMI groups. Restricted cubic spline showed that the association between prepregnancy BMI and the odds of PE showed an inverse L-shaped curve, with an inflection point of 21.5 kg/m2; the association between GWG and the odds of PE showed a J-shaped curve, with a GWG of 10.94–15.90 kg being at the lowest odds for the development of PE. For pregnant women with prepregnancy underweight, the odds of PE were significantly increased when their GWG exceeded 21.63 kg. Similarly, for those with prepregnancy normal weight, a significant elevation in the odds of PE was observed when their GWG surpassed 15.90 kg. Conclusion There is a non-linear relationship between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and PE, and prepregnancy weight management and gestational weight monitoring are important for the prevention of PE.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07449-8PreeclampsiaPrepregnancy BMIGestational weight gainRestricted cubic spline
spellingShingle Luhan Zhang
Juan Ding
Jiangli Liu
Jing Ma
Rui Shi
Tian Chen
Guifeng Ding
Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) with preeclampsia: a study based on restricted cubic spline
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Preeclampsia
Prepregnancy BMI
Gestational weight gain
Restricted cubic spline
title Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) with preeclampsia: a study based on restricted cubic spline
title_full Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) with preeclampsia: a study based on restricted cubic spline
title_fullStr Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) with preeclampsia: a study based on restricted cubic spline
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) with preeclampsia: a study based on restricted cubic spline
title_short Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) with preeclampsia: a study based on restricted cubic spline
title_sort relationship between prepregnancy bmi and gestational weight gain gwg with preeclampsia a study based on restricted cubic spline
topic Preeclampsia
Prepregnancy BMI
Gestational weight gain
Restricted cubic spline
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07449-8
work_keys_str_mv AT luhanzhang relationshipbetweenprepregnancybmiandgestationalweightgaingwgwithpreeclampsiaastudybasedonrestrictedcubicspline
AT juanding relationshipbetweenprepregnancybmiandgestationalweightgaingwgwithpreeclampsiaastudybasedonrestrictedcubicspline
AT jiangliliu relationshipbetweenprepregnancybmiandgestationalweightgaingwgwithpreeclampsiaastudybasedonrestrictedcubicspline
AT jingma relationshipbetweenprepregnancybmiandgestationalweightgaingwgwithpreeclampsiaastudybasedonrestrictedcubicspline
AT ruishi relationshipbetweenprepregnancybmiandgestationalweightgaingwgwithpreeclampsiaastudybasedonrestrictedcubicspline
AT tianchen relationshipbetweenprepregnancybmiandgestationalweightgaingwgwithpreeclampsiaastudybasedonrestrictedcubicspline
AT guifengding relationshipbetweenprepregnancybmiandgestationalweightgaingwgwithpreeclampsiaastudybasedonrestrictedcubicspline