A lateral flow immunoassay-based survey reveals a low-frequency truncated Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein and unique Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in Solenopsis invicta
The purpose of this research was to examine the Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein and transcript among Solenopsis invicta fire ants exhibiting an unusual response to antibody interrogation of this protein. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses combined with Western blotting and lateral flow immunoassa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Insect Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2025.1527130/full |
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| author | Steven M. Valles Robert K. Vander Meer Alden S. Estep |
| author_facet | Steven M. Valles Robert K. Vander Meer Alden S. Estep |
| author_sort | Steven M. Valles |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this research was to examine the Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein and transcript among Solenopsis invicta fire ants exhibiting an unusual response to antibody interrogation of this protein. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses combined with Western blotting and lateral flow immunoassay were employed to examine the venom proteins from these fire ants. Genotypic variation was discovered in the Solenopsis invicta venom 2 gene. Many of these unique genotypes exhibited strong identity to the Solenopsis richteri venom 2 ortholog from the congener, Solenopsis richteri. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed a significant evolutionary relationship with Solenopsis richteri despite being obtained from Solenopsis invicta. A unique, truncated, Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein was also discovered in these colonies originating from a unique locus on chromosome 10 where multiple duplication events have apparently copied this gene. These results suggest the possible presence of a cryptic species. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6ae8fd7d09e04e268504010bc696c11b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-8600 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Insect Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-6ae8fd7d09e04e268504010bc696c11b2025-08-20T02:07:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Insect Science2673-86002025-04-01510.3389/finsc.2025.15271301527130A lateral flow immunoassay-based survey reveals a low-frequency truncated Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein and unique Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in Solenopsis invictaSteven M. VallesRobert K. Vander MeerAlden S. EstepThe purpose of this research was to examine the Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein and transcript among Solenopsis invicta fire ants exhibiting an unusual response to antibody interrogation of this protein. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses combined with Western blotting and lateral flow immunoassay were employed to examine the venom proteins from these fire ants. Genotypic variation was discovered in the Solenopsis invicta venom 2 gene. Many of these unique genotypes exhibited strong identity to the Solenopsis richteri venom 2 ortholog from the congener, Solenopsis richteri. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed a significant evolutionary relationship with Solenopsis richteri despite being obtained from Solenopsis invicta. A unique, truncated, Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein was also discovered in these colonies originating from a unique locus on chromosome 10 where multiple duplication events have apparently copied this gene. These results suggest the possible presence of a cryptic species.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2025.1527130/fullSolenopsis invictaSolenopsis richterivenomalkaloidsFormicidae |
| spellingShingle | Steven M. Valles Robert K. Vander Meer Alden S. Estep A lateral flow immunoassay-based survey reveals a low-frequency truncated Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein and unique Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in Solenopsis invicta Frontiers in Insect Science Solenopsis invicta Solenopsis richteri venom alkaloids Formicidae |
| title | A lateral flow immunoassay-based survey reveals a low-frequency truncated Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein and unique Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in Solenopsis invicta |
| title_full | A lateral flow immunoassay-based survey reveals a low-frequency truncated Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein and unique Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in Solenopsis invicta |
| title_fullStr | A lateral flow immunoassay-based survey reveals a low-frequency truncated Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein and unique Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in Solenopsis invicta |
| title_full_unstemmed | A lateral flow immunoassay-based survey reveals a low-frequency truncated Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein and unique Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in Solenopsis invicta |
| title_short | A lateral flow immunoassay-based survey reveals a low-frequency truncated Solenopsis invicta venom 2-like protein and unique Solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in Solenopsis invicta |
| title_sort | lateral flow immunoassay based survey reveals a low frequency truncated solenopsis invicta venom 2 like protein and unique solenopsis invicta venom 2 protein genotypes in solenopsis invicta |
| topic | Solenopsis invicta Solenopsis richteri venom alkaloids Formicidae |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2025.1527130/full |
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