Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome Sequencing

The emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Delta and Omicron, pose significant challenges to pandemic management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in detecting and characterizing SARS...

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Main Authors: Duyeon Na, Yuna Hong, Chaeyeon Lee, Myungshin Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/311
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author Duyeon Na
Yuna Hong
Chaeyeon Lee
Myungshin Kim
author_facet Duyeon Na
Yuna Hong
Chaeyeon Lee
Myungshin Kim
author_sort Duyeon Na
collection DOAJ
description The emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Delta and Omicron, pose significant challenges to pandemic management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in detecting and characterizing SARS-CoV-2 variants using 624 samples collected in South Korea from mid-2021 to mid-2022. Two RT-PCR genotyping assays demonstrated a high concordance rate (90.4%) in identifying the Delta variant during its dominance. In contrast, WGS revealed extensive genetic diversity among Omicron sub-lineages, identifying 29 distinct sub-lineages, including two South Korea-specific variants (BA.1.1.5 and BA.2.3.8). Clustering analysis of WGS data highlighted distinct groupings of BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 sub-lineages, with overlap in shared mutations suggesting evolutionary convergence. Sub-lineage diversity expanded during rapid transmission phases and subsequently consolidated as dominant lineages emerged. These findings highlight the complementary strengths of RT-PCR and WGS and underscore the importance of integrating these methodologies for effective variant monitoring and public health response.
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spelling doaj-art-6ad8e1c4fd814febae2a4dc48f950b542025-08-20T03:12:05ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-0113231110.3390/microorganisms13020311Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome SequencingDuyeon Na0Yuna Hong1Chaeyeon Lee2Myungshin Kim3Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaCatholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaCatholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaCatholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaThe emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Delta and Omicron, pose significant challenges to pandemic management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in detecting and characterizing SARS-CoV-2 variants using 624 samples collected in South Korea from mid-2021 to mid-2022. Two RT-PCR genotyping assays demonstrated a high concordance rate (90.4%) in identifying the Delta variant during its dominance. In contrast, WGS revealed extensive genetic diversity among Omicron sub-lineages, identifying 29 distinct sub-lineages, including two South Korea-specific variants (BA.1.1.5 and BA.2.3.8). Clustering analysis of WGS data highlighted distinct groupings of BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 sub-lineages, with overlap in shared mutations suggesting evolutionary convergence. Sub-lineage diversity expanded during rapid transmission phases and subsequently consolidated as dominant lineages emerged. These findings highlight the complementary strengths of RT-PCR and WGS and underscore the importance of integrating these methodologies for effective variant monitoring and public health response.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/311SARS-CoV-2reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactionwhole-genome sequencing
spellingShingle Duyeon Na
Yuna Hong
Chaeyeon Lee
Myungshin Kim
Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome Sequencing
Microorganisms
SARS-CoV-2
reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
whole-genome sequencing
title Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome Sequencing
title_full Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome Sequencing
title_fullStr Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome Sequencing
title_full_unstemmed Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome Sequencing
title_short Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome Sequencing
title_sort tracing emergence of sars cov 2 variants insights from comprehensive assessment using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and whole genome sequencing
topic SARS-CoV-2
reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
whole-genome sequencing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/311
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