Tracing Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Insights from Comprehensive Assessment Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Whole Genome Sequencing

The emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Delta and Omicron, pose significant challenges to pandemic management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in detecting and characterizing SARS...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Duyeon Na, Yuna Hong, Chaeyeon Lee, Myungshin Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/311
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Summary:The emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Delta and Omicron, pose significant challenges to pandemic management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in detecting and characterizing SARS-CoV-2 variants using 624 samples collected in South Korea from mid-2021 to mid-2022. Two RT-PCR genotyping assays demonstrated a high concordance rate (90.4%) in identifying the Delta variant during its dominance. In contrast, WGS revealed extensive genetic diversity among Omicron sub-lineages, identifying 29 distinct sub-lineages, including two South Korea-specific variants (BA.1.1.5 and BA.2.3.8). Clustering analysis of WGS data highlighted distinct groupings of BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 sub-lineages, with overlap in shared mutations suggesting evolutionary convergence. Sub-lineage diversity expanded during rapid transmission phases and subsequently consolidated as dominant lineages emerged. These findings highlight the complementary strengths of RT-PCR and WGS and underscore the importance of integrating these methodologies for effective variant monitoring and public health response.
ISSN:2076-2607