Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-Annealing

In this study, we address the need for sustainable and scalable synthesis routes for hydrogen storage materials by developing a FeTi alloy in which vanadium (V) partially substitutes for titanium (Ti). The alloy was synthesized using mechanical alloying, compaction, and post-annealing, employing ind...

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Main Authors: Abhishek Kumar Patel, Davide Violi, Ivan Lorenzon, Carlo Luetto, Paola Rizzi, Marcello Baricco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/723
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author Abhishek Kumar Patel
Davide Violi
Ivan Lorenzon
Carlo Luetto
Paola Rizzi
Marcello Baricco
author_facet Abhishek Kumar Patel
Davide Violi
Ivan Lorenzon
Carlo Luetto
Paola Rizzi
Marcello Baricco
author_sort Abhishek Kumar Patel
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we address the need for sustainable and scalable synthesis routes for hydrogen storage materials by developing a FeTi alloy in which vanadium (V) partially substitutes for titanium (Ti). The alloy was synthesized using mechanical alloying, compaction, and post-annealing, employing industrial-grade Fe and Ti powders and an alternative to pure vanadium, i.e., ferrovanadium (Fe–V). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the mechanically alloyed mixture revealed the partial formation of a Fe(V) solid solution, along with residual Ti. Subsequent compaction and annealing at 1000 °C led to the formation of the FeTi(V) phase, accompanied by two minor secondary phases, Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti and Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O. A maximum phase yield of 90% for FeTi was achieved after 48 h of annealing. The novelty of this work lies in the demonstration of a sustainable and economical synthesis approach for V-substituted FeTi alloys using industrial-grade raw materials, offering a potential reduction in the carbon footprint compared with conventional melting techniques.
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spelling doaj-art-6ad2fd74cb064575a17501d0aae9e3f22025-08-20T03:08:13ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-06-0115772310.3390/met15070723Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-AnnealingAbhishek Kumar Patel0Davide Violi1Ivan Lorenzon2Carlo Luetto3Paola Rizzi4Marcello Baricco5Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, ItalyMethydor S.r.l., Via Antonio Cecchi 4/4, 16129 Genova, ItalyPometon S.p.A., Via Circonvallazione 62, 30030 Maerne (VE), ItalyMethydor S.r.l., Via Antonio Cecchi 4/4, 16129 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, ItalyIn this study, we address the need for sustainable and scalable synthesis routes for hydrogen storage materials by developing a FeTi alloy in which vanadium (V) partially substitutes for titanium (Ti). The alloy was synthesized using mechanical alloying, compaction, and post-annealing, employing industrial-grade Fe and Ti powders and an alternative to pure vanadium, i.e., ferrovanadium (Fe–V). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the mechanically alloyed mixture revealed the partial formation of a Fe(V) solid solution, along with residual Ti. Subsequent compaction and annealing at 1000 °C led to the formation of the FeTi(V) phase, accompanied by two minor secondary phases, Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti and Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O. A maximum phase yield of 90% for FeTi was achieved after 48 h of annealing. The novelty of this work lies in the demonstration of a sustainable and economical synthesis approach for V-substituted FeTi alloys using industrial-grade raw materials, offering a potential reduction in the carbon footprint compared with conventional melting techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/723FeTi alloymechanical alloyingcompactionannealing
spellingShingle Abhishek Kumar Patel
Davide Violi
Ivan Lorenzon
Carlo Luetto
Paola Rizzi
Marcello Baricco
Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-Annealing
Metals
FeTi alloy
mechanical alloying
compaction
annealing
title Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-Annealing
title_full Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-Annealing
title_fullStr Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-Annealing
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-Annealing
title_short Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-Annealing
title_sort synthesis of a vanadium substituted fe ti based ternary alloy via mechanical alloying compacting and post annealing
topic FeTi alloy
mechanical alloying
compaction
annealing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/723
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