Sunrise in the Desert: Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Predictive Solar Energy Production in Saudi Arabia

This research addresses the critical need for accurate solar energy forecasting in Saudi Arabia’s renewable energy transition. Leveraging the comprehensive Solar Resource Monitoring Stations dataset (2017–2021) from King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy, this study...

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Main Authors: Da'ad Albahdal, Maha Almousa, Wijdan Aljebreen, Aeshah A. Almutairi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10925380/
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author Da'ad Albahdal
Maha Almousa
Wijdan Aljebreen
Aeshah A. Almutairi
author_facet Da'ad Albahdal
Maha Almousa
Wijdan Aljebreen
Aeshah A. Almutairi
author_sort Da'ad Albahdal
collection DOAJ
description This research addresses the critical need for accurate solar energy forecasting in Saudi Arabia’s renewable energy transition. Leveraging the comprehensive Solar Resource Monitoring Stations dataset (2017–2021) from King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy, this study presents the first extensive analysis of solar stations across Saudi Arabia with a systematic classification of solar stations into five distinct geographical groups, accounting for regional climate variations and solar radiation patterns. Using meteorological variables, including air conditions, wind patterns, relative humidity, and barometric pressure from 44 stations, we evaluated three machine learning models—Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Decision Tree (DT)—for predicting daily solar radiation. The results demonstrate that LR achieved superior performance with an RMSE of 139.71 and MAE of 98.32, significantly outperforming other models, particularly the Decision Tree model, which showed the highest error rate RMSE: 504.67. Through detailed regional analysis, identified northern and central regions exhibit consistently high Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), marking these areas as optimal locations for residential photovoltaic system deployment. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing solar resource allocation and integration in Saudi Arabia’s power grid, facilitating the country’s transition to sustainable energy. This study’s results contribute to a better understanding solar resource distribution and variability, supporting informed decision-making for the Kingdom’s sustainable energy objectives.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-6ac996b834574a6dbd4ec621eba88dcb2025-08-20T03:04:07ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113545855460010.1109/ACCESS.2025.355127110925380Sunrise in the Desert: Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Predictive Solar Energy Production in Saudi ArabiaDa'ad Albahdal0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7539-3059Maha Almousa1Wijdan Aljebreen2https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2809-7880Aeshah A. Almutairi3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-727XDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi ArabiaThis research addresses the critical need for accurate solar energy forecasting in Saudi Arabia’s renewable energy transition. Leveraging the comprehensive Solar Resource Monitoring Stations dataset (2017–2021) from King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy, this study presents the first extensive analysis of solar stations across Saudi Arabia with a systematic classification of solar stations into five distinct geographical groups, accounting for regional climate variations and solar radiation patterns. Using meteorological variables, including air conditions, wind patterns, relative humidity, and barometric pressure from 44 stations, we evaluated three machine learning models—Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Decision Tree (DT)—for predicting daily solar radiation. The results demonstrate that LR achieved superior performance with an RMSE of 139.71 and MAE of 98.32, significantly outperforming other models, particularly the Decision Tree model, which showed the highest error rate RMSE: 504.67. Through detailed regional analysis, identified northern and central regions exhibit consistently high Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), marking these areas as optimal locations for residential photovoltaic system deployment. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing solar resource allocation and integration in Saudi Arabia’s power grid, facilitating the country’s transition to sustainable energy. This study’s results contribute to a better understanding solar resource distribution and variability, supporting informed decision-making for the Kingdom’s sustainable energy objectives.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10925380/Renewable energybig datamachine learningsolar energyphotovoltaic cellsSaudi Arabia
spellingShingle Da'ad Albahdal
Maha Almousa
Wijdan Aljebreen
Aeshah A. Almutairi
Sunrise in the Desert: Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Predictive Solar Energy Production in Saudi Arabia
IEEE Access
Renewable energy
big data
machine learning
solar energy
photovoltaic cells
Saudi Arabia
title Sunrise in the Desert: Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Predictive Solar Energy Production in Saudi Arabia
title_full Sunrise in the Desert: Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Predictive Solar Energy Production in Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Sunrise in the Desert: Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Predictive Solar Energy Production in Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Sunrise in the Desert: Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Predictive Solar Energy Production in Saudi Arabia
title_short Sunrise in the Desert: Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Predictive Solar Energy Production in Saudi Arabia
title_sort sunrise in the desert leveraging big data analytics for predictive solar energy production in saudi arabia
topic Renewable energy
big data
machine learning
solar energy
photovoltaic cells
Saudi Arabia
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10925380/
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AT wijdanaljebreen sunriseinthedesertleveragingbigdataanalyticsforpredictivesolarenergyproductioninsaudiarabia
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