Implication of Salivary Biochemical Parameters for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background. Clinical laboratory diagnosis and prognosis for diabetes mellitus is performed using blood as a major specimen; however, saliva may represent as an alternative noninvasive specimen of choice. This study aims to evaluate salivary biochemical parameters in diabetic and healthy individuals...

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Main Authors: Sneha Shrestha, Sushant Pokhrel, Anjali Poudel, Shristi Bhandari BC, Mudita Shakya, Alaska Timilsina, Manisha Sapkota, Bashu Dev Pardhe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-01-01
Series:International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1781613
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author Sneha Shrestha
Sushant Pokhrel
Anjali Poudel
Shristi Bhandari BC
Mudita Shakya
Alaska Timilsina
Manisha Sapkota
Bashu Dev Pardhe
author_facet Sneha Shrestha
Sushant Pokhrel
Anjali Poudel
Shristi Bhandari BC
Mudita Shakya
Alaska Timilsina
Manisha Sapkota
Bashu Dev Pardhe
author_sort Sneha Shrestha
collection DOAJ
description Background. Clinical laboratory diagnosis and prognosis for diabetes mellitus is performed using blood as a major specimen; however, saliva may represent as an alternative noninvasive specimen of choice. This study aims to evaluate salivary biochemical parameters in diabetic and healthy individuals to substantiate saliva’s role in the diagnosis and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. This case-control study included 150 T2DM patients and 150 apparently healthy individuals. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements were recorded using a standard questionnaire. Correlation between salivary and blood levels for each parameter was determined using Pearson correlation. Linear regression was performed to estimate the blood levels of the parameters from their salivary levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was done to determine the diagnostic ability of salivary glucose and establish a sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off value. Results. Salivary glucose, TC, LDL-C, urea, and creatinine were significantly higher in people with diabetes than in the control population (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between salivary and blood parameters including glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, urea, and creatinine except for HDL-C in both case and control groups. The linear relationship for each parameter, except glucose in case population and HDL-C in case, control, and the total population was observed between blood and saliva. ROC analysis gave a cut-off value of 1.9 mg/dl for salivary glucose with 71.4% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity. Conclusion. Salivary estimation significantly reflects the blood parameters in this study, indicating that saliva can be a noninvasive specimen for the diagnosis and prognosis of T2DM.
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spelling doaj-art-6abc204668e94444981eb4284652ccdd2025-08-20T03:33:39ZengWileyInternational Journal of Analytical Chemistry1687-87792022-01-01202210.1155/2022/1781613Implication of Salivary Biochemical Parameters for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSneha Shrestha0Sushant Pokhrel1Anjali Poudel2Shristi Bhandari BC3Mudita Shakya4Alaska Timilsina5Manisha Sapkota6Bashu Dev Pardhe7Department of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Laboratory MedicineBackground. Clinical laboratory diagnosis and prognosis for diabetes mellitus is performed using blood as a major specimen; however, saliva may represent as an alternative noninvasive specimen of choice. This study aims to evaluate salivary biochemical parameters in diabetic and healthy individuals to substantiate saliva’s role in the diagnosis and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. This case-control study included 150 T2DM patients and 150 apparently healthy individuals. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements were recorded using a standard questionnaire. Correlation between salivary and blood levels for each parameter was determined using Pearson correlation. Linear regression was performed to estimate the blood levels of the parameters from their salivary levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was done to determine the diagnostic ability of salivary glucose and establish a sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off value. Results. Salivary glucose, TC, LDL-C, urea, and creatinine were significantly higher in people with diabetes than in the control population (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between salivary and blood parameters including glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, urea, and creatinine except for HDL-C in both case and control groups. The linear relationship for each parameter, except glucose in case population and HDL-C in case, control, and the total population was observed between blood and saliva. ROC analysis gave a cut-off value of 1.9 mg/dl for salivary glucose with 71.4% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity. Conclusion. Salivary estimation significantly reflects the blood parameters in this study, indicating that saliva can be a noninvasive specimen for the diagnosis and prognosis of T2DM.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1781613
spellingShingle Sneha Shrestha
Sushant Pokhrel
Anjali Poudel
Shristi Bhandari BC
Mudita Shakya
Alaska Timilsina
Manisha Sapkota
Bashu Dev Pardhe
Implication of Salivary Biochemical Parameters for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
title Implication of Salivary Biochemical Parameters for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_full Implication of Salivary Biochemical Parameters for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_fullStr Implication of Salivary Biochemical Parameters for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Implication of Salivary Biochemical Parameters for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_short Implication of Salivary Biochemical Parameters for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_sort implication of salivary biochemical parameters for diagnosis and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1781613
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