Distribution of target site PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with PPX2 target site variants
During the 2019 growing season, seeds of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp were collected from 141 and 133 agricultural sites, respectively, from across the southeastern and midwestern United States. These accessions were screened with a new protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, epyrifenaci...
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Cambridge University Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Weed Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0890037X25000405/type/journal_article |
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| author | Jacob Montgomery Daljit Singh Andrew Tyre Jaishree Chittoor Clifford Wollam Brandi Chiapelli John Pawlak Chandrashekar Aradhya Alejandro Perez-Jones |
| author_facet | Jacob Montgomery Daljit Singh Andrew Tyre Jaishree Chittoor Clifford Wollam Brandi Chiapelli John Pawlak Chandrashekar Aradhya Alejandro Perez-Jones |
| author_sort | Jacob Montgomery |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the 2019 growing season, seeds of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp were collected from 141 and 133 agricultural sites, respectively, from across the southeastern and midwestern United States. These accessions were screened with a new protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, epyrifenacil, using a whole-plant bioassay at 20 g ai ha−1 in controlled environmental conditions to estimate its efficacy on these two agronomically important weeds. In addition, the coding sequence of the PPX2 gene was determined for plants from each accession through short-read sequencing of cDNA fragments amplified via polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that nearly all accessions were completely controlled by epyrifenacil, with average survival rates of less than 2% for both species. Target site resistance mutations toward PPO inhibitors were lower in Palmer amaranth (<20%) compared to waterhemp, with nearly half of all waterhemp samples (42%) possessing the ΔG210 allele, which is shown to cause high-level resistance to other commercially available PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Follow-up testing of accessions with high frequency (≥50%) of the ΔG210 allele of PPX2 compared the efficacy of epyrifenacil, saflufenacil, and saflufenacil + trifludimoxazin and showed that of the herbicides tested, epyrifenacil at 20 g ha−1 provided the best control, averaging 85% mortality across these accessions. Same-plant association study of molecular data and whole-plant assay correlated all detected variants of PPX2 with visual injury following epyrifenacil treatment and found that the ΔG210 mutation was associated with a reduction in relative efficacy of epyrifenacil in some accessions. All other known target site resistance mutations appeared to have no significant effect on epyrifenacil efficacy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6aba7ecf2c1a443c91495ae34fae6a9c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0890-037X 1550-2740 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Weed Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6aba7ecf2c1a443c91495ae34fae6a9c2025-08-20T03:58:40ZengCambridge University PressWeed Technology0890-037X1550-27402025-01-013910.1017/wet.2025.40Distribution of target site PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with PPX2 target site variantsJacob Montgomery0Daljit Singh1Andrew Tyre2Jaishree Chittoor3Clifford Wollam4Brandi Chiapelli5John Pawlak6Chandrashekar Aradhya7Alejandro Perez-Jones8https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3705-5331Ph.D Candidate, Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USASr. Regulatory Affairs Manager, Crop Protection Regulatory Affairs, Bayer CropScience, Chesterfield, MO, USAResistance Modeller, Regulatory Affairs - Seeds and Traits, Bayer CropScience, Chesterfield, MO, USASr. Computational Biologist, Analytics and Data Science, Bayer CropScience, Chesterfield, MO, USASr. Computational Biologist, Analytics and Data Science, Bayer CropScience, Chesterfield, MO, USAScientist I, Genomics and Sequencing, Bayer CropScience, Chesterfield, MO, USAProduct Development Manager, Herbicides, Valent USA, Fresno, CA, USAHerbicide Resistance Management Lead, Regulatory Affairs - Seeds and Traits, BayerCrop Science, Chesterfield, MO, USAPrincipal Scientist, Controlled Environment Testing, Bayer CropScience, Chesterfield, MO, USADuring the 2019 growing season, seeds of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp were collected from 141 and 133 agricultural sites, respectively, from across the southeastern and midwestern United States. These accessions were screened with a new protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, epyrifenacil, using a whole-plant bioassay at 20 g ai ha−1 in controlled environmental conditions to estimate its efficacy on these two agronomically important weeds. In addition, the coding sequence of the PPX2 gene was determined for plants from each accession through short-read sequencing of cDNA fragments amplified via polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that nearly all accessions were completely controlled by epyrifenacil, with average survival rates of less than 2% for both species. Target site resistance mutations toward PPO inhibitors were lower in Palmer amaranth (<20%) compared to waterhemp, with nearly half of all waterhemp samples (42%) possessing the ΔG210 allele, which is shown to cause high-level resistance to other commercially available PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Follow-up testing of accessions with high frequency (≥50%) of the ΔG210 allele of PPX2 compared the efficacy of epyrifenacil, saflufenacil, and saflufenacil + trifludimoxazin and showed that of the herbicides tested, epyrifenacil at 20 g ha−1 provided the best control, averaging 85% mortality across these accessions. Same-plant association study of molecular data and whole-plant assay correlated all detected variants of PPX2 with visual injury following epyrifenacil treatment and found that the ΔG210 mutation was associated with a reduction in relative efficacy of epyrifenacil in some accessions. All other known target site resistance mutations appeared to have no significant effect on epyrifenacil efficacy.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0890037X25000405/type/journal_articleEpyrifenacilPalmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson AMAPAcommon waterhemp Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) J.D. Sauer AMATASequencingherbicidePPOresistancesurvey |
| spellingShingle | Jacob Montgomery Daljit Singh Andrew Tyre Jaishree Chittoor Clifford Wollam Brandi Chiapelli John Pawlak Chandrashekar Aradhya Alejandro Perez-Jones Distribution of target site PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with PPX2 target site variants Weed Technology Epyrifenacil Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson AMAPA common waterhemp Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) J.D. Sauer AMATA Sequencing herbicide PPO resistance survey |
| title | Distribution of target site PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with PPX2 target site variants |
| title_full | Distribution of target site PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with PPX2 target site variants |
| title_fullStr | Distribution of target site PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with PPX2 target site variants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of target site PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with PPX2 target site variants |
| title_short | Distribution of target site PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with PPX2 target site variants |
| title_sort | distribution of target site ppo inhibiting herbicide resistance mutations in waterhemp and palmer amaranth and association of epyrifenacil efficacy with ppx2 target site variants |
| topic | Epyrifenacil Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson AMAPA common waterhemp Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) J.D. Sauer AMATA Sequencing herbicide PPO resistance survey |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0890037X25000405/type/journal_article |
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