Association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Abstract Blood transfusions are frequently administered to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients. However, the relationship between blood transfusion and outcomes in ECMO patients remains unclear. This study investigated the association between blood transfusion and 90-day mortality in...

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Main Authors: Yonghoon Shin, Kwang-Sig Lee, Jinah Cha, Sunwoo Nam, Jun Ho Lee, Ji Eon Kim, Jae Seung Jung, Ho Sung Son, Ki Hoon Ahn, Hee Jung Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11702-7
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author Yonghoon Shin
Kwang-Sig Lee
Jinah Cha
Sunwoo Nam
Jun Ho Lee
Ji Eon Kim
Jae Seung Jung
Ho Sung Son
Ki Hoon Ahn
Hee Jung Kim
author_facet Yonghoon Shin
Kwang-Sig Lee
Jinah Cha
Sunwoo Nam
Jun Ho Lee
Ji Eon Kim
Jae Seung Jung
Ho Sung Son
Ki Hoon Ahn
Hee Jung Kim
author_sort Yonghoon Shin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Blood transfusions are frequently administered to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients. However, the relationship between blood transfusion and outcomes in ECMO patients remains unclear. This study investigated the association between blood transfusion and 90-day mortality in ECMO patients. Using a large administrative database (National Health Insurance Service, NHIS) from the Republic of Korea during 2014–2020, ECMO cases were identified. Patients younger than 19 years and those with ECMO durations of less than 1 day were excluded. Transfusion variables included the total volumes of red blood cells (RBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet concentrates (PC), normalized by hospital stays. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Variable importance calculation using Random Forest and XGBoost models identified RBC, FFP, and PC transfusions among the top 10 predictors of mortality. Variable importance was calculated to identify the most influential variables in predicting the outcome among 51 variables. A total of 11,874 patients were included. The median age was 62 years (IQR 51–71), and 32.7% were female. 90-day mortality occurred in 6980 patients (58.8%). The proportion of patients who received at least one transfusion during hospitalization was 96.2% for RBC, 68.8% for FFP, and 74.4% for PC. Higher transfusion volumes (50–100%) were consistently associated with an increased risk of death compared to lower volumes (0–49%). Odds ratios for mortality were 6.764 (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.227–7.347) for RBC/hospital day, 3.702 (95% CI 3.426–4.000) for FFP/hospital day, and 5.082 (95% CI 4.691–5.506) for PC/hospital day in the higher transfusion group. In a multivariable logistic regression model, RBC, FFP, and PC transfusions normalized by hospital stay were significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001). Variable importance calculation using Random Forest and XGBoost models identified RBC, FFP, and PC transfusions among the top 10 predictors of mortality. Blood transfusion normalized by hospital stay emerged as a critical predictor of 90-day mortality in ECMO patients. Thus, optimizing blood transfusion practices is essential to improve patient outcomes and safety.
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spelling doaj-art-6ab1ec18814e4c11ac6830de79d204bc2025-08-20T03:05:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-11702-7Association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenationYonghoon Shin0Kwang-Sig Lee1Jinah Cha2Sunwoo Nam3Jun Ho Lee4Ji Eon Kim5Jae Seung Jung6Ho Sung Son7Ki Hoon Ahn8Hee Jung Kim9Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineAI Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of MedicineAI Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of MedicineAbstract Blood transfusions are frequently administered to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients. However, the relationship between blood transfusion and outcomes in ECMO patients remains unclear. This study investigated the association between blood transfusion and 90-day mortality in ECMO patients. Using a large administrative database (National Health Insurance Service, NHIS) from the Republic of Korea during 2014–2020, ECMO cases were identified. Patients younger than 19 years and those with ECMO durations of less than 1 day were excluded. Transfusion variables included the total volumes of red blood cells (RBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet concentrates (PC), normalized by hospital stays. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Variable importance calculation using Random Forest and XGBoost models identified RBC, FFP, and PC transfusions among the top 10 predictors of mortality. Variable importance was calculated to identify the most influential variables in predicting the outcome among 51 variables. A total of 11,874 patients were included. The median age was 62 years (IQR 51–71), and 32.7% were female. 90-day mortality occurred in 6980 patients (58.8%). The proportion of patients who received at least one transfusion during hospitalization was 96.2% for RBC, 68.8% for FFP, and 74.4% for PC. Higher transfusion volumes (50–100%) were consistently associated with an increased risk of death compared to lower volumes (0–49%). Odds ratios for mortality were 6.764 (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.227–7.347) for RBC/hospital day, 3.702 (95% CI 3.426–4.000) for FFP/hospital day, and 5.082 (95% CI 4.691–5.506) for PC/hospital day in the higher transfusion group. In a multivariable logistic regression model, RBC, FFP, and PC transfusions normalized by hospital stay were significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001). Variable importance calculation using Random Forest and XGBoost models identified RBC, FFP, and PC transfusions among the top 10 predictors of mortality. Blood transfusion normalized by hospital stay emerged as a critical predictor of 90-day mortality in ECMO patients. Thus, optimizing blood transfusion practices is essential to improve patient outcomes and safety.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11702-7
spellingShingle Yonghoon Shin
Kwang-Sig Lee
Jinah Cha
Sunwoo Nam
Jun Ho Lee
Ji Eon Kim
Jae Seung Jung
Ho Sung Son
Ki Hoon Ahn
Hee Jung Kim
Association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Scientific Reports
title Association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
title_full Association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
title_fullStr Association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
title_full_unstemmed Association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
title_short Association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
title_sort association between blood transfusion and early mortality in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11702-7
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