Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens
Clade 2.3.4.4 Eurasian lineage H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has become the globally dominant clade and caused global outbreaks since 2014. The clade 2.3.4.4 viruses have evolved into eight hemagglutinin subgroups (2.3.4.4a-h). In this study, we evaluated the infectivity, path...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2218945 |
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| author | Jung-Hoon Kwon Kateri Bertran Dong-Hun Lee Miria Ferreira Criado Lindsay Killmaster Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood David E. Swayne |
| author_facet | Jung-Hoon Kwon Kateri Bertran Dong-Hun Lee Miria Ferreira Criado Lindsay Killmaster Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood David E. Swayne |
| author_sort | Jung-Hoon Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clade 2.3.4.4 Eurasian lineage H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has become the globally dominant clade and caused global outbreaks since 2014. The clade 2.3.4.4 viruses have evolved into eight hemagglutinin subgroups (2.3.4.4a-h). In this study, we evaluated the infectivity, pathobiology, and transmissibility of seven clade 2.3.4.4 viruses (two 2.3.4.4a, two 2.3.4.4b, one 2.3.4.4c and two 2.3.4.4e) in chickens. The two clade 2.3.4.4e viruses caused 100% mortality and transmissibility in chickens. However, clade 2.3.4.4a and c viruses showed 80–90% mortality and 67% transmissibility. Clade 2.3.4.4b viruses showed 100% mortality, but no transmission to co-housed chickens was observed based on lack of seroconversion. All the infected chickens died showing systemic infection, irrespective of subgroup. The results highlight that all the clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs used in this study caused high mortality in infected chickens, but the transmissibility of the viruses in chickens was variable in contrast to that of previous Eurasian-lineage H5N1 HPAIVs. Changes in the pathogenicity and transmissibility of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs warrant careful monitoring of the viruses to establish effective control strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6aa6bb8bb5e142c281d2e5412280103c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-6aa6bb8bb5e142c281d2e5412280103c2025-08-20T03:52:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112110.1080/22221751.2023.2218945Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickensJung-Hoon Kwon0Kateri Bertran1Dong-Hun Lee2Miria Ferreira Criado3Lindsay Killmaster4Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood5David E. Swayne6Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USAAgricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaAgricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USAAgricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USAAgricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USAAgricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USAClade 2.3.4.4 Eurasian lineage H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has become the globally dominant clade and caused global outbreaks since 2014. The clade 2.3.4.4 viruses have evolved into eight hemagglutinin subgroups (2.3.4.4a-h). In this study, we evaluated the infectivity, pathobiology, and transmissibility of seven clade 2.3.4.4 viruses (two 2.3.4.4a, two 2.3.4.4b, one 2.3.4.4c and two 2.3.4.4e) in chickens. The two clade 2.3.4.4e viruses caused 100% mortality and transmissibility in chickens. However, clade 2.3.4.4a and c viruses showed 80–90% mortality and 67% transmissibility. Clade 2.3.4.4b viruses showed 100% mortality, but no transmission to co-housed chickens was observed based on lack of seroconversion. All the infected chickens died showing systemic infection, irrespective of subgroup. The results highlight that all the clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs used in this study caused high mortality in infected chickens, but the transmissibility of the viruses in chickens was variable in contrast to that of previous Eurasian-lineage H5N1 HPAIVs. Changes in the pathogenicity and transmissibility of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs warrant careful monitoring of the viruses to establish effective control strategies.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2218945Avian influenza virushighly pathogenic avian influenza virusclade 2.3.4.4infectivitypathogenicitytransmissibility |
| spellingShingle | Jung-Hoon Kwon Kateri Bertran Dong-Hun Lee Miria Ferreira Criado Lindsay Killmaster Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood David E. Swayne Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens Emerging Microbes and Infections Avian influenza virus highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4 infectivity pathogenicity transmissibility |
| title | Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens |
| title_full | Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens |
| title_fullStr | Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens |
| title_short | Diverse infectivity, transmissibility, and pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens |
| title_sort | diverse infectivity transmissibility and pathobiology of clade 2 3 4 4 h5nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens |
| topic | Avian influenza virus highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4 infectivity pathogenicity transmissibility |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2218945 |
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