Integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in Boston

Abstract Tree canopy expansion and albedo management represent pathways to reduce urban heat. Here we develop a statistical model to downscale coarse resolution estimates of air temperature and estimate marginal impacts of tree canopy and cool roof solutions across southern New England during 2021–2...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ian A. Smith, Dan Li, David K. Fork, Gregory A. Wellenius, Lucy R. Hutyra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02462-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849238228456964096
author Ian A. Smith
Dan Li
David K. Fork
Gregory A. Wellenius
Lucy R. Hutyra
author_facet Ian A. Smith
Dan Li
David K. Fork
Gregory A. Wellenius
Lucy R. Hutyra
author_sort Ian A. Smith
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tree canopy expansion and albedo management represent pathways to reduce urban heat. Here we develop a statistical model to downscale coarse resolution estimates of air temperature and estimate marginal impacts of tree canopy and cool roof solutions across southern New England during 2021–2022. We quantify how tree canopy and cool roof solutions can be integrated to maximize heat exposure reduction, given feasibility and cost constraints. Afternoon estimates of air temperature cooling impacts from albedo and tree canopy cover fraction are −0.61 °C and −0.07 °C per increase of 0.1, respectively. Temperature reductions associated with tree canopy expansion are 35% higher than cool roofs, however, cool roofs on average provide higher heat exposure reductions due to implementation opportunities within dense, vulnerable regions of the city. Our Boston optimization identifies nearly twice as much area for cool roof implementation than tree canopy expansion. Cooling potential, implementation feasibility, and cost are critical considerations for identifying locally actionable, integrated climate solutions.
format Article
id doaj-art-6a96f63f734349a6bea9bda1336bffd7
institution Kabale University
issn 2662-4435
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Earth & Environment
spelling doaj-art-6a96f63f734349a6bea9bda1336bffd72025-08-20T04:01:42ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-07-016111110.1038/s43247-025-02462-3Integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in BostonIan A. Smith0Dan Li1David K. Fork2Gregory A. Wellenius3Lucy R. Hutyra4Boston University, Department of Earth & EnvironmentBoston University, Department of Earth & EnvironmentGoogle LLCBoston University, Department of Environmental HealthBoston University, Department of Earth & EnvironmentAbstract Tree canopy expansion and albedo management represent pathways to reduce urban heat. Here we develop a statistical model to downscale coarse resolution estimates of air temperature and estimate marginal impacts of tree canopy and cool roof solutions across southern New England during 2021–2022. We quantify how tree canopy and cool roof solutions can be integrated to maximize heat exposure reduction, given feasibility and cost constraints. Afternoon estimates of air temperature cooling impacts from albedo and tree canopy cover fraction are −0.61 °C and −0.07 °C per increase of 0.1, respectively. Temperature reductions associated with tree canopy expansion are 35% higher than cool roofs, however, cool roofs on average provide higher heat exposure reductions due to implementation opportunities within dense, vulnerable regions of the city. Our Boston optimization identifies nearly twice as much area for cool roof implementation than tree canopy expansion. Cooling potential, implementation feasibility, and cost are critical considerations for identifying locally actionable, integrated climate solutions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02462-3
spellingShingle Ian A. Smith
Dan Li
David K. Fork
Gregory A. Wellenius
Lucy R. Hutyra
Integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in Boston
Communications Earth & Environment
title Integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in Boston
title_full Integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in Boston
title_fullStr Integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in Boston
title_full_unstemmed Integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in Boston
title_short Integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in Boston
title_sort integrated tree canopy expansion and cool roofs can optimize air temperature and heat exposure reductions in boston
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02462-3
work_keys_str_mv AT ianasmith integratedtreecanopyexpansionandcoolroofscanoptimizeairtemperatureandheatexposurereductionsinboston
AT danli integratedtreecanopyexpansionandcoolroofscanoptimizeairtemperatureandheatexposurereductionsinboston
AT davidkfork integratedtreecanopyexpansionandcoolroofscanoptimizeairtemperatureandheatexposurereductionsinboston
AT gregoryawellenius integratedtreecanopyexpansionandcoolroofscanoptimizeairtemperatureandheatexposurereductionsinboston
AT lucyrhutyra integratedtreecanopyexpansionandcoolroofscanoptimizeairtemperatureandheatexposurereductionsinboston