Zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern China’s coastal areas based on high-resolution soil mapping

Zoning the soil salinization levels in large-scale coastal areas is vital for understanding the spatiotemporal mechanism of soil salinization and guiding the coastal integrated management. However, it is difficult due to the complicated influencing factors and the high demands for a fine mapping res...

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Main Authors: Yuan Chi, Minglei Fan, Zhiwei Zhang, Yubing Qu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25002341
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author Yuan Chi
Minglei Fan
Zhiwei Zhang
Yubing Qu
author_facet Yuan Chi
Minglei Fan
Zhiwei Zhang
Yubing Qu
author_sort Yuan Chi
collection DOAJ
description Zoning the soil salinization levels in large-scale coastal areas is vital for understanding the spatiotemporal mechanism of soil salinization and guiding the coastal integrated management. However, it is difficult due to the complicated influencing factors and the high demands for a fine mapping resolution and precise simulation results. In the present study, the northern China’s coastal areas (> 6 4000 km2) were selected as the study area, and extensive field investigation, multispectral remote sensing images, and open-source land cover data served as the data source. A simulation unit of 100 m × 100 m was employed to precisely map the soil salinity (SS) based on a predictor system that covered different aspects of influencing factors, and high-resolution soil salinization maps were generated for the entire study area and different cities. Results indicated that the mapping obtained a relative-root mean squared error of 0.31, which was in a low level and denoted a high accuracy compared with previous studies. The soil salinization levels presented the following spatial heterogeneities: (1) The levels showed distinct polarization, that is, extremely low and high levels covered the most of the study area. (2) The SS exhibited a distinct decrease from the coastline to the inner land, and wetlands and water areas exhibited much higher SS than the remaining land cover types. (3) Muddy coasts suffered more severe soil salinization than rocky and sandy coasts in the alongshore areas. (4) The inner land was generally free from the salinization but some small patches of bare lands and water areas were still at risk. (5) Dongying, Binzhou, Weifang, and Yancheng Cities suffered much more distinct soil salinization than the remaining cities. The coastline and ecological quality were the major factors that determine the spatial pattern of soil salinization in the alongshore and inland areas, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-6a6e52c15dbf44ccb28f18d630fed43b2025-08-20T02:50:48ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2025-03-0117211330310.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113303Zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern China’s coastal areas based on high-resolution soil mappingYuan Chi0Minglei Fan1Zhiwei Zhang2Yubing Qu3Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266061, China; Corresponding author at: Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No.6, Xianxialing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266061, China.Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266061, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, ChinaZoning the soil salinization levels in large-scale coastal areas is vital for understanding the spatiotemporal mechanism of soil salinization and guiding the coastal integrated management. However, it is difficult due to the complicated influencing factors and the high demands for a fine mapping resolution and precise simulation results. In the present study, the northern China’s coastal areas (> 6 4000 km2) were selected as the study area, and extensive field investigation, multispectral remote sensing images, and open-source land cover data served as the data source. A simulation unit of 100 m × 100 m was employed to precisely map the soil salinity (SS) based on a predictor system that covered different aspects of influencing factors, and high-resolution soil salinization maps were generated for the entire study area and different cities. Results indicated that the mapping obtained a relative-root mean squared error of 0.31, which was in a low level and denoted a high accuracy compared with previous studies. The soil salinization levels presented the following spatial heterogeneities: (1) The levels showed distinct polarization, that is, extremely low and high levels covered the most of the study area. (2) The SS exhibited a distinct decrease from the coastline to the inner land, and wetlands and water areas exhibited much higher SS than the remaining land cover types. (3) Muddy coasts suffered more severe soil salinization than rocky and sandy coasts in the alongshore areas. (4) The inner land was generally free from the salinization but some small patches of bare lands and water areas were still at risk. (5) Dongying, Binzhou, Weifang, and Yancheng Cities suffered much more distinct soil salinization than the remaining cities. The coastline and ecological quality were the major factors that determine the spatial pattern of soil salinization in the alongshore and inland areas, respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25002341Soil salinizationCoastal areasDigital soil mappingFine resolutionZoningLarge scale
spellingShingle Yuan Chi
Minglei Fan
Zhiwei Zhang
Yubing Qu
Zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern China’s coastal areas based on high-resolution soil mapping
Ecological Indicators
Soil salinization
Coastal areas
Digital soil mapping
Fine resolution
Zoning
Large scale
title Zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern China’s coastal areas based on high-resolution soil mapping
title_full Zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern China’s coastal areas based on high-resolution soil mapping
title_fullStr Zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern China’s coastal areas based on high-resolution soil mapping
title_full_unstemmed Zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern China’s coastal areas based on high-resolution soil mapping
title_short Zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern China’s coastal areas based on high-resolution soil mapping
title_sort zoning the soil salinization levels in the northern china s coastal areas based on high resolution soil mapping
topic Soil salinization
Coastal areas
Digital soil mapping
Fine resolution
Zoning
Large scale
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25002341
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AT mingleifan zoningthesoilsalinizationlevelsinthenorthernchinascoastalareasbasedonhighresolutionsoilmapping
AT zhiweizhang zoningthesoilsalinizationlevelsinthenorthernchinascoastalareasbasedonhighresolutionsoilmapping
AT yubingqu zoningthesoilsalinizationlevelsinthenorthernchinascoastalareasbasedonhighresolutionsoilmapping