Structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries
Although lithium-ion batteries are successfully used in electronic devices and electric vehicles, the steadily increasing price of their raw materials and increasing anxiety about Li resources and reserves raise concerns about exploring cheaper and sustainable alternatives. Sodium-ion batteries are...
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Next Energy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949821X25000043 |
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| author | Li Zhang Jun Wang Wenhai Ji Nuria Tapia-Ruiz Martin Winter Jie Li |
| author_facet | Li Zhang Jun Wang Wenhai Ji Nuria Tapia-Ruiz Martin Winter Jie Li |
| author_sort | Li Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although lithium-ion batteries are successfully used in electronic devices and electric vehicles, the steadily increasing price of their raw materials and increasing anxiety about Li resources and reserves raise concerns about exploring cheaper and sustainable alternatives. Sodium-ion batteries are one of the most promising energy storage systems but still cannot replace the status of lithium-ion batteries. One challenge of commercialization of sodium-ion batteries is their cathode material. Inspired by layered LiTMO2 (TM = transition metal) as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, layered NaxTMO2 materials are investigated as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Although layered NaxTMO2 materials show high theoretical capacities and operating voltage windows, their cycling stability and rate capability still need to be improved. The electrochemical behavior of layered NaxTMO2 materials is correlated to the extraction and insertion of Na atoms during charge and discharge accompanied by structural changes, respectively. Understanding these structural changes during cycling of layered NaxTMO2 materials may initiate strategies to improve their electrochemical performance. Thus, the correlation between composition, structure and synthesis of layered NaxTMO2 materials is discussed in the present paper. Besides, the structural changes during cycling of layered NaxTMO2 materials are summarized according to their crystal structure accompanied by varied stacking of TMO2 and NaO2 layers. Based on this structure information, strategies are introduced to optimize the electrochemical performance of layered NaxTMO2 using design of their bulk crystal structures, local configurations around TM atoms and surface structures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6a6dcb52b08f43f09c1b84c9ac1b1f91 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2949-821X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Next Energy |
| spelling | doaj-art-6a6dcb52b08f43f09c1b84c9ac1b1f912025-01-29T05:02:53ZengElsevierNext Energy2949-821X2025-04-017100241Structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteriesLi Zhang0Jun Wang1Wenhai Ji2Nuria Tapia-Ruiz3Martin Winter4Jie Li5Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 88 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom; The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK; Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 88 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United KingdomSchool of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 88 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom; The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UKHelmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Corrensstraße 46, Münster 48149, Germany; MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 46, Münster 48149, GermanyHelmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Corrensstraße 46, Münster 48149, Germany; Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, Milano 20156, Italy; Corresponding author at: Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Corrensstraße 46, Münster 48149, GermanyAlthough lithium-ion batteries are successfully used in electronic devices and electric vehicles, the steadily increasing price of their raw materials and increasing anxiety about Li resources and reserves raise concerns about exploring cheaper and sustainable alternatives. Sodium-ion batteries are one of the most promising energy storage systems but still cannot replace the status of lithium-ion batteries. One challenge of commercialization of sodium-ion batteries is their cathode material. Inspired by layered LiTMO2 (TM = transition metal) as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, layered NaxTMO2 materials are investigated as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Although layered NaxTMO2 materials show high theoretical capacities and operating voltage windows, their cycling stability and rate capability still need to be improved. The electrochemical behavior of layered NaxTMO2 materials is correlated to the extraction and insertion of Na atoms during charge and discharge accompanied by structural changes, respectively. Understanding these structural changes during cycling of layered NaxTMO2 materials may initiate strategies to improve their electrochemical performance. Thus, the correlation between composition, structure and synthesis of layered NaxTMO2 materials is discussed in the present paper. Besides, the structural changes during cycling of layered NaxTMO2 materials are summarized according to their crystal structure accompanied by varied stacking of TMO2 and NaO2 layers. Based on this structure information, strategies are introduced to optimize the electrochemical performance of layered NaxTMO2 using design of their bulk crystal structures, local configurations around TM atoms and surface structures.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949821X25000043Sodium ion batteriesLayered oxides cathode materialsStructural evolution mechanismsMaterial design |
| spellingShingle | Li Zhang Jun Wang Wenhai Ji Nuria Tapia-Ruiz Martin Winter Jie Li Structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries Next Energy Sodium ion batteries Layered oxides cathode materials Structural evolution mechanisms Material design |
| title | Structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries |
| title_full | Structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries |
| title_fullStr | Structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries |
| title_short | Structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries |
| title_sort | structural evolution mechanisms and design strategies of layered cathodes for sodium ion batteries |
| topic | Sodium ion batteries Layered oxides cathode materials Structural evolution mechanisms Material design |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949821X25000043 |
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