Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria
Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Gram-negative bacteria is a rare and insufficiently characterized form of endocarditis. The literature review presents data on the frequency, course, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of both IE caused by the HACEK microorganisms (Haemophilus spр., Aggregati...
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| Language: | Russian |
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ABV-press
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Klinicist |
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| Online Access: | https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/471 |
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| author | N. S. Chipigina N. Yu. Karpova N. A. Kashentseva V. Morits |
| author_facet | N. S. Chipigina N. Yu. Karpova N. A. Kashentseva V. Morits |
| author_sort | N. S. Chipigina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Gram-negative bacteria is a rare and insufficiently characterized form of endocarditis. The literature review presents data on the frequency, course, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of both IE caused by the HACEK microorganisms (Haemophilus spр., Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella) and other Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria are the cause of 3.6–13.6 % IE cases (HACEK microorganisms in 0.8–3 % of IE cases in adults, non-HACEK in 1.8–3.9 %). Patients with IE caused by the HACEK microorganisms are younger, their disease is not associated with previous in-hospital treatment and is subacute with favorable prognosis (intrahospital mortality is 2–3 %). HACEK microorganisms mostly retain sensitivity to many antibiotics. Risk factors of IE caused by HACEK microorganisms are dental interventions, heart disorders, valve prostheses and other implanted cardiac devices. IE caused by non-HACEK Gram-negative bacteria is more common in elderly with concomitant disorders and usually is acute; intrahospital mortality is 13–36.5 %. Risk factors of IE caused by non-HACEK microorganisms are valve prostheses, electrical pacemakers, venous and central catheters, recent in-hospital treatment, Gram-negative bacteremia, decreased immunity, drug abuse, urinary infection, alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver, removed spleen, consequences of dog and cat bites, working with the soil. Among Gram-negative non-HACEK bacteria causing IE, 28 % have multi-drug resistance (MDR / XDR) against antibiotics. Therefore, Gram-negative bacteria rarely cause IE but during selection of empiric therapy in patients with IE with corresponding risk factors, probability of Gram-negative causative microorganisms in IE etiology should be taken into account. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6a61df5212eb47978c26706b14fa7d4e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1818-8338 |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | ABV-press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Klinicist |
| spelling | doaj-art-6a61df5212eb47978c26706b14fa7d4e2025-08-20T03:02:18ZrusABV-pressKlinicist1818-83382022-03-01151-4203010.17650/1818-8338-2021-15-1-4-K651362Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteriaN. S. Chipigina0N. Yu. Karpova1N. A. Kashentseva2V. Morits3Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. PirogovRussian National Research Medical University named after N. I. PirogovRussian National Research Medical University named after N. I. PirogovRussian National Research Medical University named after N. I. PirogovInfective endocarditis (IE) caused by Gram-negative bacteria is a rare and insufficiently characterized form of endocarditis. The literature review presents data on the frequency, course, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of both IE caused by the HACEK microorganisms (Haemophilus spр., Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella) and other Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria are the cause of 3.6–13.6 % IE cases (HACEK microorganisms in 0.8–3 % of IE cases in adults, non-HACEK in 1.8–3.9 %). Patients with IE caused by the HACEK microorganisms are younger, their disease is not associated with previous in-hospital treatment and is subacute with favorable prognosis (intrahospital mortality is 2–3 %). HACEK microorganisms mostly retain sensitivity to many antibiotics. Risk factors of IE caused by HACEK microorganisms are dental interventions, heart disorders, valve prostheses and other implanted cardiac devices. IE caused by non-HACEK Gram-negative bacteria is more common in elderly with concomitant disorders and usually is acute; intrahospital mortality is 13–36.5 %. Risk factors of IE caused by non-HACEK microorganisms are valve prostheses, electrical pacemakers, venous and central catheters, recent in-hospital treatment, Gram-negative bacteremia, decreased immunity, drug abuse, urinary infection, alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver, removed spleen, consequences of dog and cat bites, working with the soil. Among Gram-negative non-HACEK bacteria causing IE, 28 % have multi-drug resistance (MDR / XDR) against antibiotics. Therefore, Gram-negative bacteria rarely cause IE but during selection of empiric therapy in patients with IE with corresponding risk factors, probability of Gram-negative causative microorganisms in IE etiology should be taken into account.https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/471infective endocarditishacek endocarditisgram-negative infective endocarditisbacteremiahacek group bacteriaprosthetic valve endocarditishaemophilus spр.aggregatibacter spp.cardiobacterium hominiseikenella corrodenskingellapseudomonas aeruginosaserratia marcescensantibacterial therapymulti-resistance |
| spellingShingle | N. S. Chipigina N. Yu. Karpova N. A. Kashentseva V. Morits Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria Klinicist infective endocarditis hacek endocarditis gram-negative infective endocarditis bacteremia hacek group bacteria prosthetic valve endocarditis haemophilus spр. aggregatibacter spp. cardiobacterium hominis eikenella corrodens kingella pseudomonas aeruginosa serratia marcescens antibacterial therapy multi-resistance |
| title | Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria |
| title_full | Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria |
| title_short | Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria |
| title_sort | infective endocarditis caused by gram negative bacteria |
| topic | infective endocarditis hacek endocarditis gram-negative infective endocarditis bacteremia hacek group bacteria prosthetic valve endocarditis haemophilus spр. aggregatibacter spp. cardiobacterium hominis eikenella corrodens kingella pseudomonas aeruginosa serratia marcescens antibacterial therapy multi-resistance |
| url | https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/471 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nschipigina infectiveendocarditiscausedbygramnegativebacteria AT nyukarpova infectiveendocarditiscausedbygramnegativebacteria AT nakashentseva infectiveendocarditiscausedbygramnegativebacteria AT vmorits infectiveendocarditiscausedbygramnegativebacteria |