Dissipative $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model with causal sign-switching bulk viscous pressure

Abstract Extending the standard $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model by considering dissipative effects within a causal viscous framework, and obtaining an analytical solution for the Hubble parameter remains a challenge in the literature. In this work, we resolve this dilemma by deriving a complete and orig...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Vishnu A. Pai, Sarath Nelleri, Titus K. Mathew
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14326-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849705088682033152
author Vishnu A. Pai
Sarath Nelleri
Titus K. Mathew
author_facet Vishnu A. Pai
Sarath Nelleri
Titus K. Mathew
author_sort Vishnu A. Pai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Extending the standard $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model by considering dissipative effects within a causal viscous framework, and obtaining an analytical solution for the Hubble parameter remains a challenge in the literature. In this work, we resolve this dilemma by deriving a complete and original solution for the Hubble parameter by introducing a novel form for the bulk viscous coefficient associated with bulk viscous dark matter (vDM). A thorough analysis of the model is conducted by deriving theoretical constraints on the parameters and comparing the model with the latest observational data sets. Intriguingly, we find that the model predicts a sign-switching bulk viscous pressure, which facilitates both the early decelerated expansion and the late accelerated expansion of the universe. Also, the redshift at which the viscous pressure switches sign is found to be strongly correlated with the relaxation time parameter of the viscous fluid. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that, the model satisfies both the covariant and generalized second law of thermodynamics as well as the convexity condition for entropy. Additionally, we reconstructed the model by unifying viscous dark matter and dark energy into a single unified dark matter (UDM) component, and found that this unified model predicts identical dynamical evolution for the Universe, while satisfying the necessary near-equilibrium condition throughout that evolution (both in early and late phases).
format Article
id doaj-art-6a5ce50105e84d539e1bfa5641ffba25
institution DOAJ
issn 1434-6052
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
spelling doaj-art-6a5ce50105e84d539e1bfa5641ffba252025-08-20T03:16:34ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522025-05-0185511510.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14326-3Dissipative $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model with causal sign-switching bulk viscous pressureVishnu A. Pai0Sarath Nelleri1Titus K. Mathew2Department of Physics, CUSATDepartment of Physics, Indian Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Physics, CUSATAbstract Extending the standard $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model by considering dissipative effects within a causal viscous framework, and obtaining an analytical solution for the Hubble parameter remains a challenge in the literature. In this work, we resolve this dilemma by deriving a complete and original solution for the Hubble parameter by introducing a novel form for the bulk viscous coefficient associated with bulk viscous dark matter (vDM). A thorough analysis of the model is conducted by deriving theoretical constraints on the parameters and comparing the model with the latest observational data sets. Intriguingly, we find that the model predicts a sign-switching bulk viscous pressure, which facilitates both the early decelerated expansion and the late accelerated expansion of the universe. Also, the redshift at which the viscous pressure switches sign is found to be strongly correlated with the relaxation time parameter of the viscous fluid. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that, the model satisfies both the covariant and generalized second law of thermodynamics as well as the convexity condition for entropy. Additionally, we reconstructed the model by unifying viscous dark matter and dark energy into a single unified dark matter (UDM) component, and found that this unified model predicts identical dynamical evolution for the Universe, while satisfying the necessary near-equilibrium condition throughout that evolution (both in early and late phases).https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14326-3
spellingShingle Vishnu A. Pai
Sarath Nelleri
Titus K. Mathew
Dissipative $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model with causal sign-switching bulk viscous pressure
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Dissipative $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model with causal sign-switching bulk viscous pressure
title_full Dissipative $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model with causal sign-switching bulk viscous pressure
title_fullStr Dissipative $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model with causal sign-switching bulk viscous pressure
title_full_unstemmed Dissipative $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model with causal sign-switching bulk viscous pressure
title_short Dissipative $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM model with causal sign-switching bulk viscous pressure
title_sort dissipative varlambda λ cdm model with causal sign switching bulk viscous pressure
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14326-3
work_keys_str_mv AT vishnuapai dissipativevarlambdalcdmmodelwithcausalsignswitchingbulkviscouspressure
AT sarathnelleri dissipativevarlambdalcdmmodelwithcausalsignswitchingbulkviscouspressure
AT tituskmathew dissipativevarlambdalcdmmodelwithcausalsignswitchingbulkviscouspressure