Comprehensive Risk Assessment of LAD Disease Progression in CCTA: The CLAP Score Study

Background: a wider left main bifurcation angle (LMBA) has been linked to severe plaque development in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). This study aimed to identify predictors of severe proximal LAD stenosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using coronary computed to...

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Main Authors: Antonella Tommasino, Federico Dell’Aquila, Marco Redivo, Luca Pittorino, Giulia Mattaroccia, Federica Tempestini, Stefano Santucci, Matteo Casenghi, Francesca Giovannelli, Stefano Rigattieri, Andrea Berni, Emanuele Barbato
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/11/11/338
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author Antonella Tommasino
Federico Dell’Aquila
Marco Redivo
Luca Pittorino
Giulia Mattaroccia
Federica Tempestini
Stefano Santucci
Matteo Casenghi
Francesca Giovannelli
Stefano Rigattieri
Andrea Berni
Emanuele Barbato
author_facet Antonella Tommasino
Federico Dell’Aquila
Marco Redivo
Luca Pittorino
Giulia Mattaroccia
Federica Tempestini
Stefano Santucci
Matteo Casenghi
Francesca Giovannelli
Stefano Rigattieri
Andrea Berni
Emanuele Barbato
author_sort Antonella Tommasino
collection DOAJ
description Background: a wider left main bifurcation angle (LMBA) has been linked to severe plaque development in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). This study aimed to identify predictors of severe proximal LAD stenosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: from an initial cohort of 650 consecutive patients, we analyzed 499 patients who met the inclusion criteria after exclusions. Plaque morphology and characteristics were assessed by CCTA, and MACE occurrences were recorded at follow-up. A predictive score for LAD disease progression (CLAP score) was developed and validated. Results: severe proximal LAD stenosis was detected in 32% (160/499) of patients by CCTA. MACE occurred in 12.5% of patients at follow-up. Significant predictors of MACE were LMBA > 80° (HR: 4.47; 95% CI: 3.80–6.70; <i>p</i> < 0.001), diabetes (HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.54–4.63; <i>p</i> = 0.031), chronic kidney disease (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.31–6.72; <i>p</i> = 0.041), high-risk plaques (HR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.45–3.64; <i>p</i> < 0.01), obstructive CAD (HR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.50 to 4.10, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and calcium score (CAC) (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08, <i>p</i> = 0.004). The CLAP score demonstrated good discriminatory power in both the development (AUC 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86–0.96) and validation cohorts (AUC 0.85; 95% CI: 0.79–0.91); Conclusions: LMBA > 80°, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obstructive CAD, CAC score >180 and high-risk plaques were significant predictors of MACE in CCTA patients. The CLAP score effectively predicted LAD disease progression, aiding in risk stratification and optimization of intervention strategies for suspected coronary artery disease.
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spelling doaj-art-6a58db9b1b0241f6935d0d1b5cc6c39f2025-08-20T02:47:58ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252024-10-01111133810.3390/jcdd11110338Comprehensive Risk Assessment of LAD Disease Progression in CCTA: The CLAP Score StudyAntonella Tommasino0Federico Dell’Aquila1Marco Redivo2Luca Pittorino3Giulia Mattaroccia4Federica Tempestini5Stefano Santucci6Matteo Casenghi7Francesca Giovannelli8Stefano Rigattieri9Andrea Berni10Emanuele Barbato11Division of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyDivision of Cardiology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, ItalyBackground: a wider left main bifurcation angle (LMBA) has been linked to severe plaque development in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). This study aimed to identify predictors of severe proximal LAD stenosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: from an initial cohort of 650 consecutive patients, we analyzed 499 patients who met the inclusion criteria after exclusions. Plaque morphology and characteristics were assessed by CCTA, and MACE occurrences were recorded at follow-up. A predictive score for LAD disease progression (CLAP score) was developed and validated. Results: severe proximal LAD stenosis was detected in 32% (160/499) of patients by CCTA. MACE occurred in 12.5% of patients at follow-up. Significant predictors of MACE were LMBA > 80° (HR: 4.47; 95% CI: 3.80–6.70; <i>p</i> < 0.001), diabetes (HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.54–4.63; <i>p</i> = 0.031), chronic kidney disease (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.31–6.72; <i>p</i> = 0.041), high-risk plaques (HR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.45–3.64; <i>p</i> < 0.01), obstructive CAD (HR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.50 to 4.10, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and calcium score (CAC) (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08, <i>p</i> = 0.004). The CLAP score demonstrated good discriminatory power in both the development (AUC 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86–0.96) and validation cohorts (AUC 0.85; 95% CI: 0.79–0.91); Conclusions: LMBA > 80°, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obstructive CAD, CAC score >180 and high-risk plaques were significant predictors of MACE in CCTA patients. The CLAP score effectively predicted LAD disease progression, aiding in risk stratification and optimization of intervention strategies for suspected coronary artery disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/11/11/338coronary artery diseaseleft main bifurcation angleatherosclerotic plaque developmentrisk stratification
spellingShingle Antonella Tommasino
Federico Dell’Aquila
Marco Redivo
Luca Pittorino
Giulia Mattaroccia
Federica Tempestini
Stefano Santucci
Matteo Casenghi
Francesca Giovannelli
Stefano Rigattieri
Andrea Berni
Emanuele Barbato
Comprehensive Risk Assessment of LAD Disease Progression in CCTA: The CLAP Score Study
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
coronary artery disease
left main bifurcation angle
atherosclerotic plaque development
risk stratification
title Comprehensive Risk Assessment of LAD Disease Progression in CCTA: The CLAP Score Study
title_full Comprehensive Risk Assessment of LAD Disease Progression in CCTA: The CLAP Score Study
title_fullStr Comprehensive Risk Assessment of LAD Disease Progression in CCTA: The CLAP Score Study
title_full_unstemmed Comprehensive Risk Assessment of LAD Disease Progression in CCTA: The CLAP Score Study
title_short Comprehensive Risk Assessment of LAD Disease Progression in CCTA: The CLAP Score Study
title_sort comprehensive risk assessment of lad disease progression in ccta the clap score study
topic coronary artery disease
left main bifurcation angle
atherosclerotic plaque development
risk stratification
url https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/11/11/338
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