Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.

Spatio-temporal variations in environmental and socio-agricultural factors create heterogeneity in livestock disease transmission risk, raising challenges in identifying populations most at risk and how this risk changes over time. Consequently, effective vaccination strategies require careful plann...

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Main Authors: Warren S D Tennant, Eric Cardinale, Youssouf Moutroifi, Simon E F Spencer, Onzade Charafouddine, Michael J Tildesley, Raphaëlle Métras
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-07-01
Series:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013346
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author Warren S D Tennant
Eric Cardinale
Youssouf Moutroifi
Simon E F Spencer
Onzade Charafouddine
Michael J Tildesley
Raphaëlle Métras
author_facet Warren S D Tennant
Eric Cardinale
Youssouf Moutroifi
Simon E F Spencer
Onzade Charafouddine
Michael J Tildesley
Raphaëlle Métras
author_sort Warren S D Tennant
collection DOAJ
description Spatio-temporal variations in environmental and socio-agricultural factors create heterogeneity in livestock disease transmission risk, raising challenges in identifying populations most at risk and how this risk changes over time. Consequently, effective vaccination strategies require careful planning to achieve optimal or equitable outcomes across regions. We developed a metapopulation model for Rift Valley fever transmission in livestock across the Comoros archipelago which incorporates livestock vaccination in addition to heterogeneity in viral transmission rates and animal movements. We used the model to evaluate three vaccine allocation strategies-proportional allocation, optimal allocation for maximising total infections averted across the archipelago, and optimal allocation for more equitable outcomes across islands-under different vaccination coverage levels and animal identification scenarios. We report that (i) both archipelago-wide and island-specific strategy effectiveness were impacted by vaccination rate, allocation strategy, and animal identification approach, (ii) optimally allocating vaccines improved strategy effectiveness compared with proportional allocation but resulted in inequitable outcomes between islands, and (iii) tagging animals post-vaccination boosted overall strategy effectiveness for all vaccination rates.
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spelling doaj-art-6a4f6950a3df49999eb3bc3d19416ec02025-08-20T02:56:25ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352025-07-01197e001334610.1371/journal.pntd.0013346Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.Warren S D TennantEric CardinaleYoussouf MoutroifiSimon E F SpencerOnzade CharafouddineMichael J TildesleyRaphaëlle MétrasSpatio-temporal variations in environmental and socio-agricultural factors create heterogeneity in livestock disease transmission risk, raising challenges in identifying populations most at risk and how this risk changes over time. Consequently, effective vaccination strategies require careful planning to achieve optimal or equitable outcomes across regions. We developed a metapopulation model for Rift Valley fever transmission in livestock across the Comoros archipelago which incorporates livestock vaccination in addition to heterogeneity in viral transmission rates and animal movements. We used the model to evaluate three vaccine allocation strategies-proportional allocation, optimal allocation for maximising total infections averted across the archipelago, and optimal allocation for more equitable outcomes across islands-under different vaccination coverage levels and animal identification scenarios. We report that (i) both archipelago-wide and island-specific strategy effectiveness were impacted by vaccination rate, allocation strategy, and animal identification approach, (ii) optimally allocating vaccines improved strategy effectiveness compared with proportional allocation but resulted in inequitable outcomes between islands, and (iii) tagging animals post-vaccination boosted overall strategy effectiveness for all vaccination rates.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013346
spellingShingle Warren S D Tennant
Eric Cardinale
Youssouf Moutroifi
Simon E F Spencer
Onzade Charafouddine
Michael J Tildesley
Raphaëlle Métras
Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
title Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.
title_full Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.
title_fullStr Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.
title_short Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.
title_sort effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against rift valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013346
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