Effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamel

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different remineralization agents applied immediately after bleaching on the colour stability, whiteness index and whiteness index difference of enamel. Methods One hundred enamel samples from bovine incisors were divided into t...

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Main Authors: Aslıhan Ertemür, Başak Yazkan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05923-5
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author Aslıhan Ertemür
Başak Yazkan
author_facet Aslıhan Ertemür
Başak Yazkan
author_sort Aslıhan Ertemür
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different remineralization agents applied immediately after bleaching on the colour stability, whiteness index and whiteness index difference of enamel. Methods One hundred enamel samples from bovine incisors were divided into two groups for at-home and in-office bleaching. The samples were further divided into five subgroups: (1) Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), (2) Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), (3) Calcium glycerophosphate, fluoride (CaGP, F), (4) Hydroxyapatite, fluoride (HAp, F), and (5) control. After treatment, all samples were stained with red wine. Color measurements were taken at baseline, after bleaching, after remineralization, and after staining using a dental spectrophotometer. Optical parameters included L*, a*, b*, CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00), whiteness index for dentistry (WID), and whiteness index difference (ΔWID). Statistical analyses were performed with Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, and Dunn tests. Results Color and whiteness differences after bleaching were statistically similar between in-office and at-home bleaching (p > 0.05). Remineralization protocols had no significant effect on enamel color or whiteness across all groups (p > 0.05), but significant differences were found between the CPP-ACPF, CaGP, F, HAp, F, and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Application of remineralization agents after bleaching was found to be ineffective on color and whiteness change of bleached enamel. Remineralization agents containing HAp, CPP-ACP and CaGP, respectively, were found to be more successful in terms of color stability.
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spelling doaj-art-6a42bd09e5a84cfb95610071a4a3c7cb2025-08-20T03:10:06ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-04-0125111110.1186/s12903-025-05923-5Effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamelAslıhan Ertemür0Başak Yazkan1Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pamukkale UniversityFaculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes UniversityAbstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different remineralization agents applied immediately after bleaching on the colour stability, whiteness index and whiteness index difference of enamel. Methods One hundred enamel samples from bovine incisors were divided into two groups for at-home and in-office bleaching. The samples were further divided into five subgroups: (1) Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), (2) Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), (3) Calcium glycerophosphate, fluoride (CaGP, F), (4) Hydroxyapatite, fluoride (HAp, F), and (5) control. After treatment, all samples were stained with red wine. Color measurements were taken at baseline, after bleaching, after remineralization, and after staining using a dental spectrophotometer. Optical parameters included L*, a*, b*, CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00), whiteness index for dentistry (WID), and whiteness index difference (ΔWID). Statistical analyses were performed with Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, and Dunn tests. Results Color and whiteness differences after bleaching were statistically similar between in-office and at-home bleaching (p > 0.05). Remineralization protocols had no significant effect on enamel color or whiteness across all groups (p > 0.05), but significant differences were found between the CPP-ACPF, CaGP, F, HAp, F, and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Application of remineralization agents after bleaching was found to be ineffective on color and whiteness change of bleached enamel. Remineralization agents containing HAp, CPP-ACP and CaGP, respectively, were found to be more successful in terms of color stability.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05923-5BleachingRemineralization agentsColorColor stabilityWhiteness index
spellingShingle Aslıhan Ertemür
Başak Yazkan
Effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamel
BMC Oral Health
Bleaching
Remineralization agents
Color
Color stability
Whiteness index
title Effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamel
title_full Effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamel
title_fullStr Effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamel
title_full_unstemmed Effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamel
title_short Effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamel
title_sort effect of different remineralization agents on the optical properties of bleached enamel
topic Bleaching
Remineralization agents
Color
Color stability
Whiteness index
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05923-5
work_keys_str_mv AT aslıhanertemur effectofdifferentremineralizationagentsontheopticalpropertiesofbleachedenamel
AT basakyazkan effectofdifferentremineralizationagentsontheopticalpropertiesofbleachedenamel