Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse

Genomic and epigenomic instability are defining features of cancer, driving tumor progression, heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. Central to this process are epigenetic echoes, persistent and dynamic modifications in DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA regulation, and chro...

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Main Authors: Alexandra A. Baumann, Zholdas Buribayev, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Amankeldi A. Salybekov, Markus Wolfien
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Epigenomes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4655/9/1/5
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author Alexandra A. Baumann
Zholdas Buribayev
Olaf Wolkenhauer
Amankeldi A. Salybekov
Markus Wolfien
author_facet Alexandra A. Baumann
Zholdas Buribayev
Olaf Wolkenhauer
Amankeldi A. Salybekov
Markus Wolfien
author_sort Alexandra A. Baumann
collection DOAJ
description Genomic and epigenomic instability are defining features of cancer, driving tumor progression, heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. Central to this process are epigenetic echoes, persistent and dynamic modifications in DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA regulation, and chromatin remodeling that mirror underlying genomic chaos and actively influence cancer cell behavior. This review delves into the complex relationship between genomic instability and these epigenetic echoes, illustrating how they collectively shape the cancer genome, affect DNA repair mechanisms, and contribute to tumor evolution. However, the dynamic, context-dependent nature of epigenetic changes presents scientific and ethical challenges, particularly concerning privacy and clinical applicability. Focusing on lung cancer, we examine how specific epigenetic patterns function as biomarkers for distinguishing cancer subtypes and monitoring disease progression and relapse.
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spelling doaj-art-6a2dc9f4d10d45d1869aedc782c315e92025-08-20T02:42:32ZengMDPI AGEpigenomes2075-46552025-02-0191510.3390/epigenomes9010005Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict RelapseAlexandra A. Baumann0Zholdas Buribayev1Olaf Wolkenhauer2Amankeldi A. Salybekov3Markus Wolfien4Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technologies, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, GermanyRegenerative Medicine Division, Cell and Gene Therapy Department, Qazaq Institute of Innovative Medicine, 010000 Astana, KazakhstanFaculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, GermanyGenomic and epigenomic instability are defining features of cancer, driving tumor progression, heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. Central to this process are epigenetic echoes, persistent and dynamic modifications in DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA regulation, and chromatin remodeling that mirror underlying genomic chaos and actively influence cancer cell behavior. This review delves into the complex relationship between genomic instability and these epigenetic echoes, illustrating how they collectively shape the cancer genome, affect DNA repair mechanisms, and contribute to tumor evolution. However, the dynamic, context-dependent nature of epigenetic changes presents scientific and ethical challenges, particularly concerning privacy and clinical applicability. Focusing on lung cancer, we examine how specific epigenetic patterns function as biomarkers for distinguishing cancer subtypes and monitoring disease progression and relapse.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4655/9/1/5genomic instabilityepigeneticsbiomarkerslung cancerdisease progression
spellingShingle Alexandra A. Baumann
Zholdas Buribayev
Olaf Wolkenhauer
Amankeldi A. Salybekov
Markus Wolfien
Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse
Epigenomes
genomic instability
epigenetics
biomarkers
lung cancer
disease progression
title Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse
title_full Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse
title_fullStr Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse
title_full_unstemmed Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse
title_short Epigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse
title_sort epigenomic echoes decoding genomic and epigenetic instability to distinguish lung cancer types and predict relapse
topic genomic instability
epigenetics
biomarkers
lung cancer
disease progression
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4655/9/1/5
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