Using Simulation-based Inference on Tidally Perturbed Dwarf Galaxies: The Dynamics of NGC 205

We develop a novel approach to performing precision inference on tidally perturbed dwarf galaxies. We use a Bayesian inference framework of implicit likelihood inference, previously applied mainly in the field of cosmology, based on forward simulation, data compression, and likelihood emulation with...

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Main Authors: Axel Widmark, Kathryn V. Johnston
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add887
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author Axel Widmark
Kathryn V. Johnston
author_facet Axel Widmark
Kathryn V. Johnston
author_sort Axel Widmark
collection DOAJ
description We develop a novel approach to performing precision inference on tidally perturbed dwarf galaxies. We use a Bayesian inference framework of implicit likelihood inference, previously applied mainly in the field of cosmology, based on forward simulation, data compression, and likelihood emulation with neural density estimators. We consider the case of NGC 205, a satellite of M31. NGC 205 exhibits an S-shape in the mean line-of-sight velocity along its semimajor spatial axis, suggestive of tidal perturbation. We demonstrate that this velocity profile can be qualitatively reproduced even if NGC 205 was in a spherically symmetric and isotropic state before its most recent pericenter passage. We apply our inference method to mock data and show that the precise shape of a perturbed satellite’s sky-projected internal velocity field, mapped across its entire face, can be highly informative of both its orbit and total mass density profile, even in the absence of proper motion information. For NGC 205 specifically, our method is hampered because the available data only covers a line along its semimajor axis. This shortcoming could be addressed with another round of observations.
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spelling doaj-art-6a223d4a259c4a3bbeaa7968a793c5122025-08-20T02:38:27ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01987212010.3847/1538-4357/add887Using Simulation-based Inference on Tidally Perturbed Dwarf Galaxies: The Dynamics of NGC 205Axel Widmark0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-3743Kathryn V. Johnston1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-6727Columbia University , 116th and Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA; Stockholm University and The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics , Alba Nova, 10691 Stockholm, SwedenColumbia University , 116th and Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USAWe develop a novel approach to performing precision inference on tidally perturbed dwarf galaxies. We use a Bayesian inference framework of implicit likelihood inference, previously applied mainly in the field of cosmology, based on forward simulation, data compression, and likelihood emulation with neural density estimators. We consider the case of NGC 205, a satellite of M31. NGC 205 exhibits an S-shape in the mean line-of-sight velocity along its semimajor spatial axis, suggestive of tidal perturbation. We demonstrate that this velocity profile can be qualitatively reproduced even if NGC 205 was in a spherically symmetric and isotropic state before its most recent pericenter passage. We apply our inference method to mock data and show that the precise shape of a perturbed satellite’s sky-projected internal velocity field, mapped across its entire face, can be highly informative of both its orbit and total mass density profile, even in the absence of proper motion information. For NGC 205 specifically, our method is hampered because the available data only covers a line along its semimajor axis. This shortcoming could be addressed with another round of observations.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add887Dwarf galaxiesGalaxy kinematicsLocal GroupAstronomy data analysisComputational astronomy
spellingShingle Axel Widmark
Kathryn V. Johnston
Using Simulation-based Inference on Tidally Perturbed Dwarf Galaxies: The Dynamics of NGC 205
The Astrophysical Journal
Dwarf galaxies
Galaxy kinematics
Local Group
Astronomy data analysis
Computational astronomy
title Using Simulation-based Inference on Tidally Perturbed Dwarf Galaxies: The Dynamics of NGC 205
title_full Using Simulation-based Inference on Tidally Perturbed Dwarf Galaxies: The Dynamics of NGC 205
title_fullStr Using Simulation-based Inference on Tidally Perturbed Dwarf Galaxies: The Dynamics of NGC 205
title_full_unstemmed Using Simulation-based Inference on Tidally Perturbed Dwarf Galaxies: The Dynamics of NGC 205
title_short Using Simulation-based Inference on Tidally Perturbed Dwarf Galaxies: The Dynamics of NGC 205
title_sort using simulation based inference on tidally perturbed dwarf galaxies the dynamics of ngc 205
topic Dwarf galaxies
Galaxy kinematics
Local Group
Astronomy data analysis
Computational astronomy
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add887
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