Association between the urine tobacco metabolite levels and physical health in Chinese primary school students with secondhand smoke exposure

Association between the urine tobacco metabolite levels and physical health in Chinese primary school students with secondhand smoke exposure

BackgroundThere is limited epidemiological evidence on the association between secondhand smoke exposure and growth and developmental problems in children and adolescents. This study aimed to explore the relationship between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine and phys...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Menghan Cheng, Miao Zhang, Wen Fang, Hong Qin, Yue Pan, Shengyi Chen, Guiqi Cao, Yao Zhang, Yu Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
Subjects:
second-hand smoke
urinary tobacco metabolites
physical health
primary school student
internal exposure
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1600196/full
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